WW DBQ

Additionally, the Triple Entente expended about 1 00 million pounds and est. mated about 225 million during the year of the war (Doc C). The two alliances spent a large ammo nut on their militia for several reasons. Foremost, if one country used money to make thee r military power erupts others, the neighboring provisions felt compelled to do the same, an d perhaps even exceed the surrounding nations in order to not become underdeveloped com pared to the rest.For example, Below of Germany announced that, â€Å"We don't ever want to become ‘the slaves of humanity. † (Doc D) Moreover, as the countries with more powerful militaries became increasingly more dominant, smaller countries, such as Germany, were forced to make a decision to become â€Å"a hammer or an anvil† (Doc D) and soon focused on strengthening g their defense and opposing British power, all of which they could not do without multiplying mill tart costs (Doc C).This alarmed the largest countries and d ue to the fact that they possessed a prepared force and a stock of arms, the leaders refused to seek more a more reasonable late ruminative in favor of Anonymous. â€Å"Militarism. † Dictionary. Com, 2014. Web, 14 Deck 2014. Http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Militarism war. By the time World War I began in 1914, all of Europe was modernized an d troops fully prepared as a result Of the armaments race and militarism.

Hopelessness and Poverty in This Nation Essay

Opportunities in America, especially for those who have minimum wages and big families to support, are very limited. Jonathan Kozol presented a speech about poverty in America. In this, he talked about his experiences staying in a homeless center in New York, one of the wealthiest places in the nation, and how he â€Å"never found his way back home. † The people are easily unseen and greatly forgotten. Because of this, families in poverty do not get the same possibilities as wealthier people do. Opportunities in America should be equal for all people and to do this, actions need to be taken. The kinds of measures that need to be taken have to do with shelters, nourishment, and impartiality. Kozol was inspired to visit the homeless because of an article written the night before Christmas 1985, which told about a boy who died because he was premature. This resulted because the mother did not have the proper nourishment and care. The baby was already living on the streets before he was even a year old. This is a revolting fact to realize that baby’s are being born on the filthy city streets and are not being provided with the proper care. Kozol decided to visit the mother of the baby in a homeless shelter. He celebrated the holidays with families in the shelter where the food was cooked off of hotplates, because there were no ovens. He also said that the average child was only six years old. The living conditions in a homeless shelter are very unsanitary and when you are a child your immune system is not that strong and it is very unhealthy. Kozol explained how one day he was in Las Angeles when he spotted a family living on the streets. The mother came to Las Angeles to look for good rent but couldn’t find anything suitable enough. The husband was working in a sweatshop making only five hundred dollars a month, which is minimum wage. This was certainly not enough to pay for rent and support a family at the same time. Because of this, they were forced to live on the streets. Kozol was right, compassion is un-weighted and if you are born poor in a rich nation it is a major disadvantage. To make the opportunities in America more equal, there are many things that the government and more fortunate people could do. Since there were almost two thousand people in the shelter, I think that the cities should make more places for the homeless to come, have decent living conditions, and a source of food. There should be certain doctors for patients in need who do not have the money to pay for appointments. So that people who make minimum wage and are suffering get a fair chance, there should be people who can help find jobs for them, and help them get a chance with going to college. Everyone should have fair opportunities and have equality. People should start bending low and start helping those who are too frail to stand up. Everyone should have a shelter, nourishment, and equality. To do this people need to take a stand and start doing something about it. All people have the same rights; why not give all people the same likelihood of having the same experience of those who are more fortunate than others.

Patient teaching plan Essay

During a clinical rotation we come into contact with many patients, from many different backgrounds, with many different disease processes which effect their systems. Each patient has their own manifestations, of signs and symptoms, along with courses of action which are taken to best meet their individual needs. One of the tools used when caring for a patient is education. CDC.gov states â€Å"A well-informed patient is more likely to cooperate if the patient understands† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Educating a patient allows a patient to be more involved in their care, and there is a greater possibility for compliance once the patient knows what to do, and why. As student nurses one of the ways we educate our patients is through use of a Patient teaching plan. The teaching plan incorporates general knowledge of the patient’s diagnosis, disease process, medication, and treatment. One of the patients I had the opportunity to care for was a 64 year old female which went by the initials E,M who was diagnosed with multiple system atrophy, anoxic brain injury, hypertension, dysphagia, hypothyroidism, and clostridium difficile. When looking into the condition of the patient, we find that the reason she presented with many of the signs and symptoms that she did is because of her medical diagnosis, and the disease process. With manifestations such as loose foul smelling stool, and hyperactive bowel sounds for clostridium difficile; comatose state, along with quadriparesis, apraxia, and rigidity for anoxic brain injury. While other parts of her medical diagnosis may be associated with, or related to another existing diagnosis. For example one of the symptoms of multiple system atrophy is difficulty swallowing, which is known as dysphagia which she has been diagnosed with as a medical diagnosis. An important aspect of the teaching plan is to also educate the patient on medication, and treatment of the disease. It is important to  emphasize to the patient that some of the medications they are taking may not be curative, but used as prophylaxis, and for symptom management. Some of the medications my patient is currently prescribed are; Midodrine, Famotidine, Levothyroxine, Vancomycin, Clonazepam, and Psyllium. Each of these medications have a specific purpose in managing the disease process and symptoms that my patient exhibits. When we look at Vancomycin we know that the patient is taking this medicine for treatment for their clostridium difficile. With this drug there are many facts that the patient needs to know; such as being aware of dosing, associated risks like issues with hearing, and toxicity to the body. While drugs like Levothyroxine have a series of side effects which differ from the others, ranging in severity. It is associated with weight loss, hair loss, irregular breathing, to signs of over dose; like change or loss in consciousness, sudden slurring of speech, and sudden loss of coordination. It can be said that all drugs have side effects, but it is of utmost importance to teach the patient about things which can alter their lifestyle, or leave them debilitated, or dead. In order to have an effective teaching plan, one must look at the patient as a complete being, and not by just their disease process. Religion, and culture must be considered when developing the teaching plan, if things such as diet, or practices work contrary to their personal beliefs. Other aspects such as the patient’s education level, and cognitive ability are important things that must be considered; if not considered you can be wasting a lot of time and energy, using ineffective methods because the patient may not be able to understand you, or they may even speak a foreign language. Family is another part to be considered during teaching, they can be an added help or hindrance causing noncompliance especially when it comes to other factors; such as age, and if the person is independent for decision making. Although every teaching plan is different, and received by each patient in their own way, they are important for getting precise information across, and give patient’s information that is needed to empower themselves, and be better caregivers to themselves. Data: (1 point) Demographics: Age: 66 Sex: F Education: High School Religion: Catholic Culture: New Mexican / Hispanic Occupation: Housewife Educational Needs: (2 points) What does the client know? She knows that she is sick, and in the hospital, and experiencing many different signs, and symptoms associated with her disease, such as diarrhea. She also knows she is taking a medicine to help her with that. She also knows that her blood pressure has periods of it dropping. What does the client need to know? The client needs know that the name of the medicine she is taking for clostridium difficile is Vancomycin 250mg capsule four times a day. She also needs to know that she has to follow the protocol when taking this medication. Meaning she has to take it as directed by the Doctor; not missing a dose, and to complete the medication. Not completing the medication, and taking it as directed, can cause resistance of the organism to the medication. She also needs to know that she will need to have labs done to check if therapeutic levels have been obtained, or toxic levels. What does the client need to know? She also needs to know that she is on midodrine for hypotentsion, even though she has a diagnosis of hypertension. She needs to be aware that midodrine can cause hypertension, and headaches, fainting, and dizziness, and that she should notify the doctor if she has any of those symptoms. Teaching Plan: (3 points) Teaching objectives: Teach patient about importance of taking medicine, and completing it. Teach that she may be taking medication long term Content: Medication, How it should be taken, side effects, what to do if side effects occur Time Frame: The patient will be able to tell me the medication she is taking, and how she is supposed to take it by the end of the teaching lesson. The patient will be on the Vancomycin x14 days as per M.D, then will be tested upon completion of medication to see if it works. Stool samples will be collected for testing, to know if she is now positive or negative for clostridium difficile. The patient will start midodrine 10mg as needed, up to three doses a day for hypotension. Teaching Strategies: (2 points) Who is involved: The Nurse is involved doing the teaching, to the patient and her husband, since her husband helps her with care. When: This will be done  before discharge, and upon starting medication. The optimal time for this will be in the morning so that this information cause be fresh in her mind Where: This will take place at the patient’s bedside. How: This will be done in a private way with the family of the patient present for support. Instruction, and demonstration will Evaluation: (2 points)  Client response or feedback: I understand that I am taking Vancomycin to counter my c-diff. I also understand that once the medication is started, that I need to keep taking it until I complete it. I am aware that I will need to be tested to make sure I am free of this infection. I will inform my Doctor if I experience any kind of alleregic reaction, or if I begin to get redness all over my body. I will report any headache, blurred vision, or dizziness when taking midodrine. I will also purchase a blood pressure machine to check before I take this medication. Were objectives met? Describe. Yes. The patient is clearly able to state why she is taking the medication. She also understands side effects of the medications, and voices that the M.D must be called. What is the next step / new plan? I will teach the patient the importance of washing hands to prevent the spread of infection. References Centers For Disease Control And Prevention 2011 EFFECTIVE TB Interviewing for Contact Investigation: Self-Study ModulesCenters For Disease Control And Prevention (2011, May 4). EFFECTIVE TB Interviewing for Contact Investigation: Self-Study Modules. Retrieved May 30, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/guidestoolkits/interviewing/selfstudy/module2/2_2.htm 201505302116391203383684

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of diversity to a Coursework

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of diversity to a multinational organisation, in a rapidly changing global market. Illustrate your answer with examples from business practice - Coursework Example research paper titled, â€Å"The Effects of Diversity on Business Performance: Report of the Diversity Research Network,† appears in the spring 2003 issue of Human Resource Management. After examining four Fortune 500 companies in depth, the researchers find that â€Å"a variety of contextual variables, including an organization’s culture, strategy and human resource practices, help to determine whether diversity boosts performance or drags it down.† (Kwak & Gwynne, 2003, p.1). Diversity in multinational organizations is a sensitive issue and thus needs to be handled efficiently through proper training of the workforce. Before adapting diversity in its system, every organization should understand the advantages and disadvantages of the same. Diversity in organization mainly occurs when people from different countries work together for that entity. Individuals have their own race and custom habits. Diversity can only be promoted in an organization if there are no clashing interests among different groups in the organization. When people from different culture work together then the organizations exists between different classes of society and thus assumes a global outlook. The organization can attain a global perspective when people from diverse regions and backgrounds work together. The organization becomes globally known when it adopts a diverse attitude. IBM is a very good example of a company which practices diversity in its organization. Because of its diverse operations the company is known world wide and has become a household name in all those countries. This gives the company a positive image. The talent pool that IBM has created over the years through its diverse venture is a proof of development due to diversi ty. The adoption of diversity in IBM has led to the minimizing racial and cultural differences and also in enhancing the company’s global image. Diversity in an organization increases its performance because the workforce being combination of

Stakeholders For Barwa and Emaar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stakeholders For Barwa and Emaar - Essay Example Based on this diverse industry portfolio, it can be deduced that Barwa has wide range of clients and they have all individual and distinct impact on Barwa. For example, shareholders, who are the real owners of the company, expect that the company should improve its financial figures by reporting higher net profit margin, earnings per share and so on. On the other hand, Emaar has more diverse business portfolio than the one reflected by Barwa. For example, Emaar operates in real estate, financial institutions, development industries, tourism industry, technologies and community management (hotel and resorts), shopping malls, strategic investment and industries as well (Group Structure, n.d.). Based on this analysis, it can be reflected that the Emaar shareholders expect more from the company management as the company has rich and diverse experience in the field of construction and real estate as well. Each stakeholder has own interests and concerns in both companies. For example, clients expect that both Barwa and Emaar provide quality construction and real estate services including timely completion of agreed construction and real estate projects and providing quality material, labor, cost estimations and so on. At the same time, the financial institutions, including investment and commercial banks and other loan providing agencies, are also concerned that both Emaar and Barwa should remain financially healthy and sound as their financial health enables them to maintain commercial relations with them; similarly, they are also concerned that both Emaar and Barwa must maintain their financial integrity and transparency as well. By having stable financial integrity and transparency, many financial institutions will be willing to extend loan or credit facility to both companies. Furthermore, the current and potential investors are highly interested and concerned to observe financial stability and financial

Analysis Paper (Article) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis Paper (Article) - Essay Example There is an allegation of conspiracy between the lawyers to prevent the truth from coming out. Here, the jurors were instructed by the judge to enjoy their much awaited business trip and prepare for the next trial, while the two lawyers were summoned by the judge to clean-up their act and settle their issues while awaiting for the continuation of the trial. Thus, in the scenario presented by the author, it is clear that the chief prosecutor is remiss of his sworn duty when he tried to conceal the name of the next witness who is scheduled to give his testimony. According to him, the government had only promised to provide names of the witnesses within one day prior to their testimony. He further added that this will prevent the ensuing of a debate and avoid another stupid argument. However, the district attorney tried his best to settle for a compromise. He manifested his intention to provide a written record of his protest of the manner such case was prosecuted as he claims that mate rial evidence have been withheld in delay for a prolonged period of time. The fact that the prosecution failed to provide the names of the witness shall make the cross-examination process less effective.

Marketing services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing services - Essay Example According to the management, the firm has a focus on satisfying the needs of consumers, with the aim of providing comfort, safety and protection and achieving market leadership in all parts of Switzerland. Security is an important issue, and each member is checked for a postal address. The transactions are insured with an insurance charge and there is encryption of user data. Members enjoy a modern, simple and secure website. Members can avail a six-language customer service by phone during office hours, and on all days via e-mail. The management has emphasized that one of the aims of the firm is to make services affordable for all people, and the firm strives to offer its members a high quality of services at minimal fees. Partnerships include major Swiss websites such as www.bluewin.ch; www.romandie.com; www.ticinonline.ch, and ch.msn.com. There are over 5000 affiliate advertisers. The management team includes Heiner Kroke as CEO, Eveline Duschletta as Head of Customer Service, Christian Kunzler as Director of Finance and Controlling, and Luke Thoma as Head of Marketing and Communications. The portal has been successful for over ten years and is the largest and most popular eCommerce site in Switzerland. The site is listed at number three behind Google and Facebook in Switzerland. The success of the firm can be attributed to ease of use, optimal pricing, performance and safety. Safety lies at the heart of the Ricardo.ch site. This is in sync with the needs of 84 percent of users who place safety at the top of online shopping (Ricardo.ch, 2010). One of the services from Ricardo.ch is shops from particular areas. Shops provide over 2.5 M products continuously at a fixed price. Products can be inserted and purchased comfortably on Ricardo.ch. Shop articles can be found by selecting search category and entering the search term. Well known shops have

Manager in a News Paper Office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Manager in a News Paper Office - Essay Example The inputs from different parts of the country may be from network of the company and the inputs regarding news all over the world can come through internet. Extracting news or inputs from network of the company involves managers who work under him and are responsible for collecting the inputs. The next part involves the middle management that exists between the person we discuss and the managers mentioned just above. The middle management compile the data according to the instructions and then pass on to the immediate subordinates of the person, whom we are about to discuss in this paper. The managerial role of Editor involves interpersonal, informational and discretional management. The interpersonal management deals with coordination of field staff and desk staff. The informational role plays a major role in being connected as presentation and organizing the news is the production activity in a news paper. The discretional management lies in deciding the presentation of news and a rticles according to contemporary needs of the society and subscribers. The real responsibility of the Manager (Editor) lies here as he has to go through the compiled or short listed inputs and then has to decide the placement of the news in different pages of the News Paper. ... In addition to the innovational presentation of the news in the News Paper and the official Website of the Paper, the Editor has to deal with two types of environment internally. The first one is the environment regarding reporters and contributors, who furnish inputs to the Newspaper. The second environment is comprised of the Sub Editors, News Editors who analyze and organize the news in print and electronic edition of the News Paper. Monitoring of economic, sociological and political trends is a responsibility as Editor has to follow the above trends in organizing the information. The first environment provides inputs and they deal with number of practical consequences. The editor has to make sure that the inputs are coming in properly by contacting the local bureau chiefs who supervise the inputs coming in. As coverage of the latest news in time is important, the Editor has to make sure that a reporter is present in night duty in each bureau to monitor the latest happenings in his area. While coming to the internal environment, it comprises of sub editors, Senior Sub Editors, Senior Sub Editors, Chief Sub Editors and News Editors. The Sub Editors and Senior Sub Editors are responsible for editing and re writing the news articles and chief subeditors monitor the production work. The Chief Sub Editors report to News Editors and Assistant Editors and they decide about the organizing the data. The Editor has to coordinate with News Editors and Assistant Editors and Associate Editors regarding the organization of data and in case of any doubts can contact Chief Sub Editors to know about the ground realities. After this initial exercise the News Editors and Assistant Editors organize the data in different pages of print and electronic editions.

Engaging parents and fathers in their children's early learning Essay - 1

Engaging parents and fathers in their children's early learning - Essay Example 1. Father Awareness- The outlook of the father for social group and in perception of numerous cohorts, builds a psychological understanding of being protected in childs mind, it generates socialization as well as being recognized in the society, the identity to the child as well as an understanding that child has a mother and a father. 2. Respect for Fathers- Father or father figures play vital role in generating respect for themselves and others. This inculcates an understanding in the budding minds to value relationships, generates friendly atmosphere, male presence, conversation involving dignity, diversity and specific strengths. 5. Practitioners strengths that acknowledge the socialization with the staff and colleagues of the father. Such interactions aid in the development of communication and interactive skills and make the child more judgmental. 6. Advocacy and Empowerment- aids in knowledge and ability to value fathers experience and shaping the personality of the child. Father in turn tries to overcome societal barriers to become positive and inculcate positivism in child. Quiet enthusiasm- positive family bonding is imperative in nurturing the children, consistent and steady relationship are also appreciated by the parents, and they respect their parents in a natural manner. Abusive language by the father inculcates negative atmosphere and hampers the personality development of the child. On the contrary, positive and understanding fathers always sow the seeds of happy and contented family environment, inculcating the concept of personal integrity in the family members. Expertise- children look upon their father to be the strongest and intellectual. Knowledge and experience of the father pave the way for building strength in relationship, understanding for others, besides development of skills (Web. Principles for engaging with families). What parents do is more important than who they are. The parents must involve

An Analysis and Review of West Virginia's Governmental Fund Research Paper

An Analysis and Review of West Virginia's Governmental Fund - Research Paper Example However, the implementation of governmental programs and services depends primarily on the allocation of the fund to different sectors. On the other hand, the preparation of its financial statements is in accordance to the â€Å"generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)† in the U.S (â€Å"Audited Financial Statements,† 2007, p. 15). While the necessities and nature of activities from various agencies differ, so does fund allotment, must conform to the purposes it intends to provide. According to the 2007 West Virginia audited financial statements, the methods for reporting governmental fund are the â€Å"current financial resources measurement focus and the modified accrual basis of accounting† (â€Å"Audited Financial Statements,† 2007, p. 16). It is through these financial statements where â€Å"property taxes, franchise taxes, and interest† that accompanied the present â€Å"fiscal period† are acknowledged as the cash reserve for the period (â€Å"Audited Financial Statements,† 2007, p. 16). This essay seeks to analyze and review the financial statements and audit report of Kanawha County, West Virginia, using the general fund and all the other funds of the government. II. Method of Accounting The government reports the fund in three categories. First, the governmental fund, which includes the general fund and the capital-project fund, integrates the current financial resources management and a modified accrual basis of accounting, where it does not have depreciation expense and long-term debt. Second, the proprietary fund, which includes the entertainment and the internal service fund, utilizes the economic resources measurement focus and the accrual basis of accounting, where it requires a â€Å"statement of net assets, statement of revenues, expenses, and cash flow statements.† Lastly, the fiduciary fund employs the economic resources focus and the accrual basis of accounting, where it may not have the provision to fund other programs as the government functions as the trustee (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2000, pp. 10-11). All these funds use the accrual method of accounting. Under the requirements of the â€Å"Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB),† the application of the accrual method is suitable to maintain a balanced set of account where the expenditures correspond to the finances in the conduct of governmental operations. This is particularly significant since the accrual basis provides a comprehensive detail in the â€Å"understanding of economic reality† especially in determining the consequences of budget allotment (Ball & Pflugrath, 2012, p. 7). III. Compliance of GASB Statement 34, and Evaluation of MD&A for State and Local Government GASB Statement 34 requires a complete accrual method, which aims to have long-term capital assets consisting of infrastructure. It also covers the Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of the go vernment’s monetary operation in recognizing its entire economic status (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2000, p. 8). As for the case of Kanawha County, the challenge it poses for compliance with GASB Statement 34 will depend on the cost and duration of time before its complete implementation in the local government. Additionally, if this would manifest a genuine thrust for transparency and accountability, this would strengthen its audit reports and economic condition in terms of financing governmental and business-type

Factors of production and circular flow of income Coursework - 2

Factors of production and circular flow of income - Coursework Example According to Samuelson (2010) the central concern of economics is solving three vital problems: what to produce, how to produce and for whom and the solution lies in making choices between inputs and outputs. The aim of this paper is thus to discuss the factors of production and the circular flow of income. To achieve this, the paper will be divided into various sections. The first section will be discussion on what economics is and the problems it seeks to address. It will also cover the importance of economics and brief explanation of different economies such as the market, command and mixed economy as mechanisms of allocating scarce resources. The second section will address the factors of production: land, labour, capital and enterprise. It will discuss their functions, qualities and how their productivity can be improved. The third section will discuss the circular flow of income which shows flow of inputs and outputs between firms and households or at microeconomics level. Last ly, a brief summary of the main points will be given. What is economics and why study economics? Samuelson (2010: 4) defines economics as â€Å"the study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable goods and services and distribute them among different individuals.† It aims at producing the highest combination of quality and quantity of goods and services thus enhancing efficiency. Efficiency according to Samuelson is achieved when no individual’s economic welfare can be improved unless someone else is made worse off (p. 5). When efficiency is achieved the welfare of the whole society is improved. Many people might think that it is not essential to study economics but it has a lot of benefits. According to Lipsey and Chrystal (2011) economics is important in helping to understand the world in which we live and to become astute participants in the economy. It helps us to understand business cycles in relation to credit, unemployment and policies put in pla ce to deal with such crises. It also helps people to understand international trade and the effects of globalisation especially in modern era where production has gone global. Government policies to promote economic growth, use of resources, full employment and price stabilisation are also the product of economic analysis. Economics takes a scientific approach to analysis of issues in the economy and also applies econometrics to economic problems. It is based on the principle of holding other things constant when analysing variables (Gitman and McDaniel, 2008). Economics is divided into two categories: micro and macroeconomics. Microeconomics deals with markets, firms and households while macroeconomics deals with the whole economy but we shall concentrate on microeconomics. Human wants are numerous or unlimited and as stated earlier, resources are scarce. As such, it is difficult to satisfy the unlimited wants thus choices have to be made that would lead to efficient allocation of resources. For example, if a firm decides to produce household items, it foregoes the opportunity or alternative of producing industrial items or any other product. The benefits the firm could have gotten by dealing with industrial items (the next best alternative) are what Samuelson (2010) calls opportunity cost. Economics is all about making choices on what to produce, how to produce and for whom given technology and scarce resources (Wessels, 2006). Whatever choice is

Health Psychology Concepts Essay Example for Free

Health Psychology Concepts Essay In this short speech I will tell you the three most significant concepts that I have learned in a course that I took in health care about health psychology. The three most significant concepts I have learned in this course that I would include in a speech supporting incorporation of health psychology concepts in health care policy are pain management, coping with chronic illness, and stress and its affects on health. The first one that I picked was pain management. The reason that I picked pain management is there is many ways that our body deals with pain and there are many ways to fix the pain. Some people think that alcohol and drugs are a good pain killer, but in fact it does not help the pain at all. There are better way to deal with it but many people have to be trained to do these thing. The next significant concept that I picked was coping with chronic and life-threatening illness. The reason that I picked coping with chronic and life-threatening illness is until I took this class I had no ideal on how to deal with or to expect others to deal with it. The final concept that I picked was stress and its affects on health. The reason that I picked stress and its affects on health is that most people have a lot of stress and they do not know that it is affecting their health or how it is affecting their health. There are many ways that stress can affect some ones health. One of the ways that come right to mind is pain in different parts of your body and there seems to be no reason for it.

Modern and Postmodern Traditions in Power and Law

Modern and Postmodern Traditions in Power and Law The Law and Power Relations in Society:  A Brief Review of Modern and Postmodern Traditions To achieve an understanding of how, at the beginning of the 21st century, law has come to be understood as a manifestation of social power, it is necessary to place the question within the framework of the dominant intellectual paradigms of the past one hundred years. Such a consideration is relevant because the two major paradigms namely, modernism and postmodernism have operated according to contrary assumptions about reality in general and social reality in particular. Modernism, which dominated Western society throughout the 20th century until the 1960s, assumed that all human enterprises should be conducted according to the principles of universal rationality, with a strongly centralizing tendency emphasized in all social institutions. Postmodernism, on the other hand, assumes that human beings are mainly motivated, not by rationality, but by a virtually endless diversity of individual and cultural values. Thus, any overarching theory about how people do, or should, live in so ciety is bound to be inadequate, and social institutions must allow for the full range of human diversity. In the discipline of sociology Functionalist Theory dominated the modern period, but during the past few decades Critical Theory has come to dominate the postmodern period. To put it simply, Functionalism assumes that society works, because of its inherent harmony, while Critical Theory assumes that society does not work, because of its inherent conflicts. As far as law is concerned, during the modern period a rationally independent and fair distribution of justice was supposed to characterize the legal system. But during the postmodern period the legal system has come to be regarded by many of its critics as the source of often inequitable i.e. distributions of power, specifically motivated by, and ultimately working for, the interests of the state in general and the cultural elite in particular. The writings of Max Weber (1864-1920), one of the founding spirits of sociology, illustrate the modern conception of law perfectly. According to Mathieu Deflem (2009: 45-46), Weber argues that the law, like all modern social institutions, including politics and the economy, is dominated by purposive rationalization, posited as the standard for both jurisprudence (legal theorizing or lawmaking) and adjudication (law-finding) in the courts. Rationalization leads to the establishment of the principle of the rule of law. This means that all social conflicts are to be settled in the courts according to established laws that are written down and codified. The rule of law is intended to be impersonal and objective, giving rise to a adage Justice is blind, a central value of Western democracies, sometimes phrased as the sayings All are equal before the law and No one is above the law. According to Joyce Sterling and Wilbert Moore (1987: 68-69), Weber accepts law as creating its own sphere of autonomous social reality, but its influence is relative, not absolute. The more a legal system looks to itself rather than to external social, political, and ethical systems in making and applying law, the greater the degree of relative autonomy. In the United States legal system The Exclusionary Rule and The Miranda Rule are examples of the law defining itself and acting independently of other social concerns. A second characteristic of legal autonomy is the principle of equal competencies whereby counsel is provided for those who cannot afford it. Weber distinguishes between subjective rationality, in which values influence individual decisions, and objective rationality, in which principles determine social decisions. He also distinguishes between formal or purely legal law, and substantive or extra-legal law. Similarly, Weber distinguishes between rational law, determined by general principles, and irrational law, determined by individual and contextual considerations. Formal rational law is called positive law, while formal irrational law is called charismatic or revealed law. Substantive rational law is called natural law, while substantive irrational law is called traditional law. In the words of Sterling and Moore (1987: 75), Although Weber denied that he was posing a unilineal process of rationalization, he did tend to view legal systems as moving from irrational to rational, and from substantive to formal rationality. Moreover, Weber links his typology of law to his typology of politics. He identified three types of po litical legitimization: traditional, charismatic, and legal. Once again, according to Sterling and Moore (1987: 76), As law becomes rationalized, it becomes its own legitimizing principle in other words, the rule of law, what Weber calls formal legal rationality. This is aided by bureaucracy and professionalization, ensuring calculability or predictability in legal matters and making the system self-contained and seamless, almost totally isolated from moral, economic, political, and cultural interests. Webers modern rationalistic conception of law has suffered a severe critical attack on various fronts since the 1960s. Austin Turk (1976: 276) sums up the critical legal position perfectly: Contrary to the rational model, law is actually a set of resources whose control and mobilization can in many ways . . . generate and exacerbate conflicts rather than resolving or softening them. In short, power is the control of resources and law is power (280). The mere mention of power in relat ion to law is bound to evoke the spirit of Karl Marx (1818-1883). According to Alan Hunt (1985: 12, 20-22), the content, principles, and forms of law are all matters of ideology that is the reflective distortion of reality in any human claim to knowledge, making Webers political legitimation by rule of law nothing more than one opinion among many (sometimes irrational) competing opinions about the proper relation of law and power. Moreover, as Elizabeth Armstrong and Mary Bernstein (2008: 75-76) point out, the modified Marxist argument whereby governments are the only rule makers and social reformers define themselves solely in relation to the state has now become obsolete. According to these authors, culture itself is constitutive of power. If this is true, then law has already lost much of its supposed power merely by definition. Kim Lane Scheppele (1994: 390-400) provides an excellent overview of critical jurisprudence theory, all of it based on the foundational belief that rational jurisprudence theory masks the fact that political interests or power relationships are what really drives the legal systems of Western democracies. An attack on liberal legalism argues that rights, neutrality, and procedural justice are all fictions designed to maintain social inequalities. The indeterminacy thesis argues that contradictions and inconsistencies within the law make purely rational adjudication impossible. There are many particular manifestations of critical jurisprudence theory. Feminist jurisprudence, for example, contends that the way gender is defined socially often makes the law patriarchal and oppressive to women, especially in regard to such issues as abortion, rape, domestic violence, pregnancy, sexual harassment, employment discrimination, child custody, and pornography. Feminists are divided on how to ri ght the wrongs of rational jurisprudence. Some advocate treating women exactly the same as men, while others argue that women should be treated differently. In either case, the objective is to achieve equality with men through the law. Similarly, critical race theory argues that people of color have been oppressed by the law by being silenced or having others speak for them, and they have pleaded vigorously for the opportunity to tell their stories, so their culture and their lives can be treated fairly by the law. In fact, the theme of the relationship of power to the law has been most compelling addressed in terms of the indeterminacy of language itself an argument expressed by Jacques Derrida in his theory of deconstruction. If the rational rule of law is enshrined as a written code, but language itself is open to a diversity of interpretation, how can the rule of law be trusted not to be abused by the judges and lawyers representing a powerful political à ©lite? Critics would argue that such an abuse is inevitable. References Armstrong, E. A., Bernstein, M. (2008). Culture, power, nad institution: A approach to social movements. Sociological Theory, 26 (1), 74-99. Deflem, M. (2008). Sociology of Law: Visions of a Scholarly Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hunt, A. (1985). The ideology of law: Advances and problems in recent applications of the concept of ideology to the analysis of law. Law Society Review, 19 (1), 11-38. Scheppele, K. L. (1994). Legal theory and social theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 20, 383-406. Sterling, J. S., Moore, W. E. (1987). Webers analysis of legal rationalization: A critique and constructive modification. Sociological Forum, 2 (1), 67-89. Turk, A. T. (1976). Law as a weapon in social conflict. Social Problems, 23 (3), 276-291.

The negative effects of technology

The negative effects of technology Technology is everywhere. It is a tool that certainly changes the world and how it operates. Many people today are familiar with the technology and its use; it might become extremely important in aspects of our life also evolved in over the past decades and even now made our life simpler, easier, convenient and more comfortable. This notion of the technological development and obvious human capability could cause a massive impact on how the world operates. Unfortunately, nowadays, technologies possibly play both positive and negative rules; depending on how can we invest it. Furthermore, if technology invested and used in useful and positive ways then it might give us a good influence whereas, if it used in negative ways, it will probably cause us a negative influence. In my opinion, it seems that technologies have had a great effect on today’s lifestyle. On the other hand, there are many people omit to believe about some negative effects that related to the use of technologie s. This essay will focus on the extent to which negative and positive influence of the technology on some areas of the human’s lifestyle. HT Media Ltd (2014) argues that the characteristics of technology certainly provide unlimited belongings while their negative influence on personal relationship may be examined methodically also it could take too long time to recognize the problem, so we should re-study the function of the technology impact on our lifestyle. A part from this, it sometimes makes us restive and confused. These harmful impacts might produce serious problems that we should deal with. Thus, it may be observed that the principle accessibility of technology may reduce the distance between us in order to the growth of the social relationships, and then we might need much more technologies to keeping and strengthening our personal relationships. It could also possible say that the personal relationships possibly changed significantly. Several people might become used for intelligent and modern devices such as computers, laptops and phones. Thus, they could browse the Internet and will may use the most common social networking applications like Twitter, Skype, Facebook, WeChat, WhatsApp, etc. The communication technology and social sites certainly provided interaction smother and easier with each other, whereas, also have certainly provided public separated from another people because that it could reduce the demand to make communication face-to-face conversation. As a result, it is fair to say that the impacts of those social networking sites are very obvious not only on our personal relationships, but also on many parts of our routine such as privacy, freedom, person’s independent and education (HT Media Ltd, 2014). The relationship between the students and their families and friends could have a massive effect not just on the health such mental and physical problems. In recent years, many people spend a long time of their day in front of the systems and electronic devices, which might lead to obesity and lastly a great threat to the health, but also on the education. What is more, the family probably support student to achieve the aim of their studies, and may help them to reduce the harmful impacts of stressful life actions due to; there are some students could live a lone which might make them more socially separated, and they may become more relay on the modern electronic devices to getting on engagement and social support. Thus, students certainly use the Internet to communicate frequently with friends and family by emails and text messages being the favourites instruments and technology devices (Weber, 2003). Certainly, some technological developments might cause populaces to be distracted, too worried, and gradually out-of-the-way also many people may be tangled in many numbers of societies with the technologies today however; the property of these relationships might make people feeling qualitatively empty. Clearly, technology has had a reflective impact on what it means to be social Robert (2014). In figure (1) shows communities, social networking sites, and today’s communication tools that use it students. This study of students and technology observed that 97 percent of students graphed used social networking sites to stay in touch with their friends. As a result, technology might have strongly affected to students on their personal relationship. Source: Robert (2014). Pew Internet American Life Project (2002) suggests that nowadays, generation of the learners that attend to the institutions of study like universities, colleges and schools could be have unprotected to technology so early and they have been more familiar with it. In the same way, Anderson (2001) states that about twenty percent of the learners attend to schools are used modern electronic devices, when they were between 5 and 8 years old and all these children certainly activated using the computers whenever they increased using it as well. In one sense, there are many reasons for huge uses of the Internet and the technology could be connecting with family, classmate, and friends. It seems that some communication applications and sites like Email, MySpace Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, WeChat, LinkedIn, Tango and scores of others by these all sites we could contact each other in any position on over all the world easily and smoothly. Lickerman (2010) mentions that it appears that these fantastic ways and interconnectedness might be solution of our problems. In fact, it may be too expensive. Furthermore, there is a strong connection between technologies and education. Technology may rapidly blossom in the last twenty years. It would become not just a familiar tool, whereas also certainly improved the knowledge and our skills of the research as an educator. Moreover, it would engage us to study since it could be easy to access and able to share learning materials. Educational technology could be a study and moral training for facilitating teaching and improving performance also it in education may be just an additional chance to achieve education, if we do not time or opportunities to do it another way. In that case, then it could result in the good changes of pedagogy and teaching ways all over the world in order to we could observe the advantages that educational technology and also might create educational chances for students and teachers. On the other hand, it might have a negative effect on students at classroom, which causes no controlling device use, distractions, the risk of cyber-bullring and limiting face-to-face communication due to the difference in available a wonderful technology and preparation needed for operating technologies in teaching could also discover various disadvantages (Sosnowski, 2014). Above all, there is no universal argument in the legal society about organization of the computer crime, probably just one reason for that which certainly the rapidly developing state of computer technologies day by day. In 1979, U.S. Department of Justice Publication, divided computer crime into three main parts: First of all, Computer abuse †¦the broad range of international acts involving a computer where one or more perpetrators made or could have made gain and one or victims suffered or could have suffered a loss† .In the Second part, Computer crime †¦Illegal computer abuse implies direct involvement of computers in committing a crime. In the last part, computer related crimes †¦any illegal act for which a knowledge of computer technology is essential for successful prosecution†. In short, these definitions of these parts possibly become cleared by the massive production of computers and electronic devices related products over a few years ago. Thus, the development of effective computer network security law and public policy could not be accomplished without co-operation between the technical and legal communities. Unfortunately, in many countries there are no substances of laws that could protect a persons privacy when they browse the Internet. The rules that try to set a standard of privacy are substances of the laws beginning with the constitution and remaining down to local laws. These laws are not geared for the Internet. These laws may be to protect a persons informational privacy. In the other way, privacy might be one of the most conditions where technology effects significantly signs both the real and the practical landscape. There are a number of demands where in order to increase personal privacy sources, especially in the private areas, demand a great deal of personal information. So the information in the right sides makes the chances for a huge convenience, allowing people access and share information more methodically associated to them. In contrast, the incorrect sides, this information might cause confusion on individual in the shape of financial damage, or identity stealing. Some agencies sector might be going as far as to secure the information and the law enforcement (Hale, 2005). Hale (2005) states in report explaining identity hazards that face recognition technology (FRT) might lead to a full investigation personal freedom prohibiting privacy as organization might use it to detect people at anytime and location. Clearly, it might lead to eliminate not just people’s freedom, but also their independence as well. To sum up, the usages of technologies on various areas of the human’s lifestyle could be has both positive and negative consequences. Great site by the way, the connecting technologies in the educational process might makes education enjoyable and more comfortable for the educators and the learners as well and also helps to combine connection education and employment. The technology should be used when it completely benefits us also when it is needed as well and people should try to communicate with each other by meeting in order to improve their society. In contrast, it is not possible to reverse the negative effects of technologies; people should try to avoid it in order to get benefited which helps us in money saving and use it more comfortable and securable. The larger our sense of the freedom and independency as human, we continually try to free ourselves from the limits forced by nature, society, and a new technologies which may lead to more control on our lifestyle. It appears that the use of these technologies probably increasing annually that let us nowadays to look at it more critically. References: 1)- Anderson, K. J. (2001). Internet use among college students: An exploratory study. Journal of American College Health, 50 (1), 21–26. 2) HT Media Ltd, (2014) Technology and Social Relationship. The Financial Express, 1 Mar. Available at: http://ezproxy.bcu.ac.uk:2073/docview/1503206602?accountid=10749. 3) -Hale, B. (2005). Ethics, Place, and Environment. Rutledge Publishing. 8(2). 4)- Robert, J. (2014). Dimensions Of Leisure For Life. Human Kinetics. Available at: http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/technology-can-have-positive-and-negative-impact-on-social-interactions [Accessed 24 Aug 2014]. 5)- LaRose, R., Eastin, M. S., Gregg, J. (2001). Reformulating the Internet paradox: Social cognitive explanations of Internet use and depression. Retrieved April 2, 2005, from: http://www.behavior.net/JOB/ v1n2/paradox.html. 6)- Likerman, A. (2010) The Effect of Technology on Relationships. Happiness in this world. Available at: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/happiness-in-world/201006/the-effect-technology-relationships [Accessed 20 Aug 2014]. 7) Pew Internet American Life Project. (2002). The Internet goes to college. Washington, DC: Author. 8) Sosnowski, J., (2014) Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology in Education. Ehow contributor. Available at: http://www.ehow.com/about_4815039_advantages-disadvantages-technology-education.html#ixzz1DSB9fPaG [Accessed 16 Aug 2014]. 9)- United States Department of Justice (1979). Computer Crime, Criminal Justice Resource Manual.[online].Retrieved October 1999,from: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Computer-Security-And-The-Law-804.html [Accessed 19 Aug 2014]. 10)- Weber, L. (2003).Relationships Among Spirituality, Social Support and Childhood Maltreatment in University Students. Counselling and Values. 47 (2), pp.82–9 1

Informative Essay: Punk rock -- essays research papers

Punk music is usually defined by power chords, raw vocals and high energy performance. Punk rock is the best music ever created. It is, in short, a thinking man’s rock music. And to some, it’s like God himself ordained punk rock as His preferred music of choice. Why? Because it’s just that good. Hundreds of faithful teens and twenty-something adults pack themselves into basements shows like sardines in a tin, just to have their holy gospel delivered to them by guys with names like â€Å"Johnny Rotten,† â€Å"Justin Sane† or â€Å"Davey Havok.† Punk rock is the best musical style for numerous reasons. The reasons might seem simple, but the difference between punk and mainstream music is that punk is just better. It’s clever, thoughtful and passionate. On the other hand, Brittany Spears and the rest of the MTV pop brigade are just dull, witless morons trying to see who can be the biggest whore on television.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Punk is written with a purpose. A message is behind every heartfelt yelp and strain of the vocal chords. Lyrically, it is about more than just a high school romance. It deals with real issues in an honest fashion. The punk movement began in England as a medium for overly zealous political patrons to preach their messages of anti-conformity and anti-government to the faithful gathered at their shows each night. In their first single, â€Å"God Save The Queen,† The Sex Pistols were telling the youth of England that the Queen was a fascist and inhuman. The Sex Pisto...

Characteristics of a Hero Essay -- essays research papers

Characteristics of a Hero â€Å"A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself† (Campbell 1). When we think of heroes most of us think of movie stars or professional athletes, but it’s not always about your popularity or talent it can also be about how you help society. What I think make a great hero is someone who is able to overcome his or her obstacles in life, is highly motivated, and has plenty of bravery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overcoming obstacles may be one of the hardest parts of being a hero. I think it’s the hardest because a lot of people are blocked from doing something and just quit. A great example of this trait is Jackie Robinson. He was discriminated against because he was African-American. Even though that blocked him he broke the color barrier, and made...

Report on Key Issues in Small Business Enterprises

| Key issues in small business enterprises| Personal Reflective Report| | Zdravko Mihaylov| BA (HONS) Business Enterprise Development2012| | Introduction Small business enterprises are important for the modern market economy in terms of innovation, employment and flexibility. They are the backbone of our economy. Around 98. 6% of all businesses are considered small (Goodman, 2006) and every large business was at some point small. Small business enterprises are very different to large business enterprises.They operate in different circumstances, such as having different management techniques, facing different financial constraints and production choices, and bearing different relative regulatory burdens. This report’s aim is to identify some of the key issues facing small business enterprises today, addressed in the Enterprise Finance unit, in order to give better view of the challenges presented in their survival and growth. Small business enterprises are often at a competitiv e disadvantage to large business enterprises.They may have difficulty achieving economies of scale, where large enterprises have already been well established, they often have difficulty in acquiring sources of finance and they may have problems with government policy and regulation, which are often designed to assist specifically large enterprises (Holmes et al, 2003). Other factors that may bring to small enterprise failure include: poor credit management, poor stock management, poor pricing practice, excessive profit distribution, excessive investment in long term assets and others (Holmes et al, 2003:142).They are very dependent on the founding owners and have higher business risk. Evaluation In summary, two broad forms of business failure can be identified. The first involves the start-up of the business, bankruptcy, liquidation, voluntary wind-up/closure. The second form is where the business continues to operate, but the return on capital, time and effort contributed by owner s is bellow the desired. Small business enterprises have difficulty competing with already established large enterprises.New enterprises rarely have the financial backing to set up a large-scale operation to take immediate advantage of scale economies. Except the challenges brought by the lack of history and reputation, a development of a price cutting war may become a great threat to small enterprises, as they may not have the financial capacity to withstand such competition. Some of the scale economies not available to small enterprises are listed in Figure 1. 1 in the Appendices. A way of overcoming those issues is adopting strategies to overcome some of the disadvantages or to target small niche markets in which to operate.Small business enterprises suffer from chronic undercapitalisation as they often have limited access to the capital and money markets (Tamari, 1980). Two main â€Å"gaps† can be identifies as responsible for that: Knowledge gap – lack of awarenes s of appropriate sources of finance and their relative merits resulting in restricted use of debt; Supply gap – unavailability of funds or exceeding cost of debt. Another barrier is the required higher rate of return on funds invested or lent due to the higher risk in small business enterprises (Storet, 1994).Problems can even arrive from the owners’ inclination of not wanting to share control of the business with investors. Other frequent cause of small business failure is the lack of liquidity or little financial planning and control. Two critical periods of financial needs are identified within the business life cycle: the start up and the rapid expansion. To overcome this problem and avoid overtrading1, a long-term finance source is needed. Different financial stress factors have also been identified by Hutchinson and Ray (1986) in each stage of the lifecycle, which can be seen on Figure 1. in Appendices. Another major challenge for small enterprises is the burden of complying with government regulations. Part of the burden problem can be attributed to poorly designed legislations. Two disadvantages are seen by this, listed in Figure 1. 2 in the Appendices. While a lot of studies show that small enterprises face a greater relative compliance burden than large enterprises, some consider that many of them ‘are so flawed that we must view their findings with scepticism’ (Brock and Evans, 1986: pp. 134-5).When looking at the small firm survival over a period of time, a key variable is net profit. It is defined by subtracting all operational costs from gross profits and the costs of closing down a business. For staying in business over a period of time, it is required that net profit should not fall below zero. In case of being positive, the firm might have some prospect for growth, while in case of being zero, it is just breaking even. If it stays negative for a period of years, it invites failure and exit from the market.Thus one mi ght express that for staying in business, net profit should be non-negative. Small business enterprises usually have centralized control by the owner, thus his managing skills are critical for the survival of the business. Perry and Pendelton (1983) estimated that 90% of the business failures are associated with management inexperience and/or incompetence. It has been identified that managerial roles relate to the lifecycle of a business enterprise (Holmes et al, 2003:150), so different managerial skills are required for each lifecycle stage.In other words, if owners do not have the necessary managerial skill for each stage, the business might be at a great risk. Conclusion The objective of this project was to determine the key issues facing small business enterprises today, discussed in the Enterprise Finance unit, and to draw the knowledge gained. Firstly, the report begins with analysis of the disadvantages of barrier of entry, Overtrading1 – when a business expands withou t a solid financial foundation financial and government regulation issues of small enterprises.The report continues with examination of the survival over a period of time and the role of the owner-manager in small business enterprises. The issues listed in this report cannot be generalised for all small business enterprises, as each one has a unique structure, resources and capabilities. Further research may be required in this area before any decisive conclusions can be drawn. Bibliography Brock, W. A. , & Evans, D. S. (1986). The Economies of Small Businesses: Their Role and Regulation in the US Economy. Holmes and Meier: New York. Goodman, G. (2006).Five Challenges Every Small Business Owner Faces. From http://ezinearticles. com/? Five-Challenges-Every-Small-Business-Owner-Faces&id=158921 Holmes et al. (2003). Small Enterprise Finance. John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd: Sydney Perry, C. , & Pendelton. W. (1983). Successful Small Business Management. Pitman Publishing: Sydney. Store y, D. J. (1994). Understanding the small business Sector. Routledge: London. Tamari, M. (1980). The financial structure of the small firm. American Journal of Small Businesses, 4:4 20-34. Appendices ————————————————-Figure 1. 1 Scale economies of large enterprises, not available to small enterprises | Longer production runs based on larger and more technologically advanced plant and machineryQuantity discounts on input purchasesEmploying specialistsMore widespread advertisingAccess to more forms of finance on better terms and conditionsMore sophisticated information gatheringLower unit costs in complying with government regulations and reporting obligations| (Adopted from Holmes et al. , 2003, pp. 52-53) ————————————————- Figure 1. 2 Government regulation disadva ntages |A greater relative cost burden in complying with many forms of government regulation, because of the substantial fixed costs involvedGovernment policy measures being designed to assist large enterprises more than small enterprises| (Adopted from Holmes et al. , 2003, pp. 54) ————————————————- Figure 1. 3 A view of the financial lifecycle of a smaller growth enterprise Stage| Finance used| Predominant financial stress factor| Inception| Owner’s resources| Undercapitalisation| Growth 1 (Take-off)| Owners’ resources plus retained profits, trade credit,

Essay on “Anti-smacking bill” Essay

In this essay, I am going to discuss, identify and outline my selected social policy; I will also explain why I selected this social policy and why it is a social policy; I will Identify and describe the interest groups who helped define this problem and have set the agenda; the objectives of this social policy will be outlined and explained, arguments of the interest groups will be linked to their political ideology or ideologies. I have chosen the â€Å"Anti-smacking Bill† because I believe that physical punishment can be ineffective and can have harmful long-term effects on children, especially if it’s severe. It is appears clear to me that there are many other ways of disciplining children that are less harmful. Also, I believe that prosecuting parents will not necessarily lead to a decrease in child abuse. Like many other New Zealanders however, I have been a little confused by much of the argument around which is the best way to protect the interests of the children of our country. I am also interested in how this policy affected so many groups of people that defined the policy in different ways. This bill was very controversial from the start. Politicians and focus groups have been up and arms about this bill. In 2001, The Labour-led government began considering amending the smacking law at the request of United Nations, but decided not to repeal Section 59 of the Crimes Act, which says parents can use disciplinary force against their children if it’s reasonable. In 2001, the National party called for the law to give parents the right to use reasonable force to discipline their children. In 2003, Prime Minister Helen Clark called for smacking of children to be outlawed after UN Committee on the Rights for the Child said that New Zealand was the only country that had legislation that allowed parents to use reasonable force when it came to disciplining children. In July 2005, the Anti-smacking Bill, sponsored by Sue Bradford, passed its first hurdle in parliament with MPs voting to send it to select committee. The bill was processed by other MPs and NZ Law society. There were concerns that this bill would turn good parents into criminals. There were also apprehensions on the lack of clear guidance about what is acceptable when disciplining a child. There were lots of groups that were lobbying against this bill but in February 2007, the Anti-smacking bill got through its second reading. MPs voted 70 to 51 in  favour of the bill. Aside from all the controversy the bill was passed on May 16, 2007. This bill repeals section 59 of the Crimes Act. (One news, 2009) The Anti-smacking bill was implemented by the government on May 16, 2007 after the bill got through its second reading in February 2007. (One news, 2009) The Anti-Smacking law provides a safe and secure environment for both children and adults and ensures positive outcomes as children grow up. The law makes it clear that physical discipline is not a necessary or acceptable part of parenting because it undermines a child’s feelings of safety and security. In addition, the law helps to ensure that a child’s right to a fair deal in the courts is respected. (Robinson, 2010) The law is designed to teach children that physical discipline is not the answer. Violence leads to fear and distrust of adults and often does not help children understand what behavior is expected of them. (Robinson, 2010) Police have the discretion not to prosecute complaints made against a parent of a child or guardian where the offence is considered to be so minor that there is no public interest in proceeding with a prosecution. (Robinson, 2010) The Anti-Smacking Bill is a social policy because this bill has affected all New Zealanders in different ways. This policy affected our society and our welfare in so many ways. Not all New Zealander’s believed that parents would accept being controlled by the government in this way or would answer to the police when disciplining their children. The country was truly divided on whether or not this policy would prove to be advantageous and beneficial for the parents and the children at all. In the early 2000s Family First was one of a number of conservative groups that opposed proposed legislation restricting the use of corporal punishment on children – the so-called ‘anti-smacking’ bill. Family First declared the measure would undermine parental authority and campaigned to stop it being passed. This included a protest march along Wellington’s Lambton Quay in March 2007. The bill became law later that year. (Miller, 2007) In fact, the Family First NZ says that the latest review of the anti-smacking law shows that the law is a complete waste of time as it fails to catch actual child abuse, wastes police resources and time, and targets non-abusive parents. (McCroskie, 2009) Mr Bob McCroskie stated the following: â€Å"While the country struggles with the problem of the P-drug, violent crime including armed hold-ups, and boy racing which is killing our young people, the police are having to waste time running around investigating parents who use a smack,† says Bob McCoskrie, National Director of Family First NZ. (McCroskrie, 2009) He continued on saying that the prosecution rate for ‘smacking’ and ‘minor acts of physical discipline’ is as low as 5-8% and even ‘other child assaults’ have up to 20% of them only warranting a warning. This report, as with previous reports, continues to confirm that non-abusive parents are being investigated – which we always feared.† (McCroskie, 2009) He also added that the results of this bill will be trumpeted by the supporters of the law change for doing nothing. (McCroskie, 2009) He also pointed that If the politicians introduced a law targeting boy racers that involved a significant number of investigations but less than 10% was actually catching offenders, it would be quite obvious that the law was dysfunctional. The anti-smacking law is ideologically flawed and a complete and utter waste of time. (McCroskie, 2009) According to ‘Family First – Mr. McCroskie, â€Å"the horror of child abuse deaths has continued since the law change†. Mr McCroskie added that Sue Bradford’s comment was quite correct when she said ‘The epidemic of child abuse and child violence in this country continues – sadly. The bill was never intended to solve that problem.’ (McCroskie, 2009) â€Å"You know a law is completely ineffectual when the proponents applaud it because of its lack of impact and the problem and rate of child abuse remains,† says Mr McCoskrie. (McCroskie, 2009) There are reports that families are calling on the National government to amend the law so that non-abusive smacking is not a crime, and good parents are not victims of a law which should be targeted more effectively at child  abusers. The New Zealand people are crying out for laws that actually target abusers and protect abused. (McCroskie, 2009) A poll of New Zealanders has found that 3 out 4 voters want the anti-smacking law to be amended, and the support was strongest from National, NZ First and Maori party voters. (Anti-smacking pool, 2013) In the poll of 1,000 people undertaken by Curia Market Research, respondents were asked â€Å"Do you think the anti-smacking law should be changed to state explicitly that parents who give their children a smack that is reasonable and for the purpose of correction are not breaking the law? 77% of respondents back a law change to allow correctional smacking. 86% of National voters supported a change in the law. Only 12% of respondents thought the law change had had any effect on the rate of child abuse, with Green voters surprisingly being most skeptical. (Anti-smacking pools, 2013) According to Craig and Barbara Smith, â€Å"Polling in 2009 and 2010 showed that parents were confused by the effect of the law because they have been given conflicting messages by the promoters of the law, legal opinions have contradicted each other, and on top of that there is ‘police discretion’ but not CYF discretion to investigate. And police guidelines state that ‘a prosecution may be warranted if such actions are repetitive or frequent’.† (Smith, 2008) In 2009 the New Zealand public was asked to vote on a referendum regarding the question â€Å"Should a smack as a part of parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?† Despite an over whelming vote to the contrary the National Government chose not to make any adjustment to the Anti-smacking Law. The purpose of this law is essentially to make better provision for children so that they can live in a safe and secure environment that is free from violence. The Anti-smacking Law pursues to achieve this by removing the use of parental force for the purpose of correction. The law makes it clear that physical discipline is not necessary or acceptable part of parenting because it undermines a child’s feelings of safety and security. (McCroskie, 2009) The Anti-smacking rules are: Use of force correction is strictly forbidden; the law states that adults who hit children hard enough will be prosecuted. Adults caring for children can still use ‘force’ (by methods of holding or restraining) to keep children safe – for example adults can stop a child from running out onto the street, touching a hot stove, hurting themselves or other children and they can carry a protesting child out of a supermarket. (Robinson, 2009) The Anti-smacking Bill has brought up controversy from the time the bill was passed to the present. According to the latest (17 June 2013) â€Å"Media Release†. The Family First said that since the anti-smacking law was passed in a supposed effort to lower our child abuse rates, it has been confirmed as a spectacular failure based on flawed ideology. (Independent news media, 2013) The Family First NZ are also refuting and contesting a statement that was made by Prime Minister John Key that the increased numbers of child abuse simply reflect an increase in reporting. (McCroskie, 2009) Mr Bob McCroskie has stated that â€Å"The rates of child abuse deaths have stayed at the same rate as they were before the law was passed. That certainly has nothing to do with ‘increased reporting’. He further stated that the politicians who supported this bill should front up and admit that the anti-smacking law has been a huge flop which has targeted good parents, rather than the rotten parents who are abusing their children, and has wasted time of the police and CYF.† (Independent news media, 2013) According to a recent survey that was made Family First, out of 1,000 New Zealander’s, they found that only 12% of respondents think the law change has had any effect on the rate of child abuse. The survey also found that three out of four people back a law change to allow â€Å"correctional† smacking of children. (Independent news media, 2013) It is my conclusion that the Anti-smacking Bill has brought up issues that have created misunderstanding and confusion for the New Zealand people. Personally, I am comfortable that children are now afforded the protection of the law, as opposed to the discrepancies of the previous legislation. I do still however believe that parents should have the right to choose how they discipline their own children. I believe that such disciple can and should include the use of a light smack where appropriate. The discretionary role of the Police in enforcing the new legislation comes at no small cost in Police and Court  resources. However, in the absence of any better alternative this would appear a cost we should all bear. No child should be ruled by fear, or live in fear. Unfortunately, as much as the Anti-smacking Bill is serving a positive purpose it would appear that it has failed to address or reduce the more extreme cases of child abuse that continue to be as a blight on our society. This issue was the root of much the emotion in the debate around this policy. To my dismay the issue remains unresolved. VA:F [1.9.17_1161] References: Abrahams (2009) Anti-smacking thoughts. Retrieved from http://www.abrahams.co.nz/antismacking/ Family First Press release (2013). Smacking law as spectacular failure. Retrieved from http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO1306/S00202/smacking-law-confirmed-as-spectacular-failure.htm Farrar, D. (2009) Anti-smacking proposed. Retrieved from http://www.kiwiblog.co.nz/2009/03/anti-smacking_amendment_proposed.html McCroskie, B. (2009) Sue Bradsford Anti Smacking. Smacking law complete and utter waste of time. Retrieved from https://www.familyfirst.org.nz/research/anti-smacking-polls/ . Manukau City Miller, R. (2012). ‘Interest groups – Cause interest group’,Te Ara – the encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 15-Nov-12.Retrieved from URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/photograph/34982/family-first-protest One news (August 21, 2009) (Copyright 2013) Timeline: Anti-smacking bill. Retrieved from http://tvnz.co.nz/politics-news/timeline-anti-smacking-legislation-2936192 Anti-Smacking Polls, (2013). National Voters Want Smacking Law Change – Poll. Retrieved from https://www.familyfirst.org.nz/research/anti-smacking-polls/ Robinson, K. (2009) How to understand the New Zealand Anti-smacking law. What is the law? Retrieved from http://howto.yellow.co.nz/legal/consumer-law/how-to-understand-the-new-zealan d-anti-smacking-law/ Smith, C. & B. (2008). Family Integrity. Retrieved from http://familyintegrity.org.nz Robinson, K. (2009) How to understand the New Zealand Anti-smacking law. What is the law? Retrieved from http://howto.yellow.co.nz/legal/consumer-law/how-to-understand-the-new-zealand-anti-smacking-law/ One news (August 21, 2009) (Copyright 2013) Timeline: Anti-smacking bill. Retrieved from http://tvnz.co.nz/politics-news/timeline-anti-smacking-legislation-2936192

Analysis of Sprint Nextel Essay

Sprint Nextel Corporation is principally a holding company operating principally through two divisions: Wireline and Wireless. Incorporated in 1938, Sprint is a communications company offering a range of wireless and wireline communications products and services that are designed and marketed to individual consumers, businesses, government subscribers and resellers. Its operations are organized to meet the needs of its targeted subscriber groups through focused communications solutions that incorporate the capabilities of its wireless and wireline services. Its services are provided through its ownership of extensive wireless networks, an all-digital global long distance network. The Company offers wireless and wireline voice and data transmission services to subscribers in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands under the Sprint corporate brand, which includes its retail brands of Sprint, Nextel, Boost Mobile, Virgin Mobile, and Assurance Wireless on networks that utilize third generation (3G) code division multiple access (CDMA), integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN), or Internet protocol (IP) technologies. The Company also offers fourth generation (4G) services utilizing Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology through its mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) wholesale relationship with Clearwire Corporation and its subsidiary Clearwire Communications LLC (together Clearwire) and, in October 2011, it announced its focus to deploy Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology as part of its network modernization plan, Network Vision. Sprint Nextel’s headquarters are located in Overland Park, Kansas, United States. Dan Hesse is the President and C. E. O.  Sprint is a tier 1 global Internet access service provider. Sprint Nextel is the United States’ third largest long distance provider by subscribers. In 2006, the Sprint Nextel exited the local landline telephone business, spinning those assets off into a newly created company named Embarq, which CenturyTel acquired in 2008. Sprint owns a 47. 1% interest in Clearwire Corporation and also an 18% interest in NII Holdings, which operates under the Nextel brand in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Peru. Sprint Nextel was the first to offer a consumer available 4G phone, the HTC Evo 4G, in the United States on June 4, 2010. Prior to 2005, the company was known as Sprint Corporation. The company took its current name, Sprint Nextel Corporation, when it merged with Nextel Communications that year. Financial Performance for Periods 2008-2010 Over the three years under review, Sprint Nextel Corp. has revenue has dropped from $35. 6B in 2008 to $32. 2B in 2009, with a modest increase to 32. 5B in 2010. But overall Sprint revenue has been fairly consistent. Gross Profit margin has also been on a downward trend year over year; 2008 53%, 49% and 46%. Despite this trend Sprint has been performing better than the industry benchmark of 41%. EBITDA/Operating Income Margin has been consistently negative from -2. 44% in 2008 to -3. 15% in 2009, and -1. 63% in 2010. While this statistic is very worrisome, the company has been able to reduce selling, general and administrative costs over the three years from $11. 355B in 2008, to $9. 438B in 2009, to $9. 438B in 2010. Though this cost reduction imitative is very encouraging, Net Losses have been going in the wrong direction, increasing from-$2. 796B in 2008, to -$2. 436B, and -$3. 465B. Sprint’s debt ratio has hovered between 65% in 2008 to 71% in 2010. The company’s creditors would be concerned that there is not a greater cushion against losses in the event of liquidation, stockholders on the other hand would want more leverage because it magnifies expected earnings. Stockholders would be very concerned on the company’s return on common equity: which are -14. 03% in 2008, -13. 46% in 2009, and -23. 82% in 2010. From a cash perspective, Sprint has been managing it cash resources relatively well. There have been massive investments over this period most of which have capital expenditure ($3. 8B in 2008, $1. B in 2009, and $1. 9B in 2010). These investments in capital expenditure, highlights the firm’s serious emphasis on growing its product base, and improving the functionality and seamless integration of its technology. Stock Performance for Periods 2008-2010 Sprint’s stock price at the close of market in 2010 was $3. 77 which represents a 79. 31% drop from the period high price of $10. 53 at January 02 2008. The company’s stock price has reflected its struggling financial performance. The stock current 52 week range has been $2. 10-$4. 60, and beta of 1. 09. The stock beta measures the volatility of the security in relation to the volatility of the benchmark market indice (which in this case is the overall financial market) that the stock is being compared to. Beta measures the part of the asset’s statistical variance that cannot be removed by the diversification provided by the portfolio of many risky assets, because of the correlation of its returns with the returns of the other assets that are in the portfolio. Sprint’s stock Beta estimate Beta is calculated using regression analysis. A beta of 1 indicates that the security’s price will move with the market. A beta of less than 1 means that the security will be less volatile than the market. Sprint’s beta of greater than 1 indicates that the security’s price will be more volatile than the market by 9%. However three of Sprint’s major competitors have signficantly better beta estimates; AT&T 0. 58, Verizon 0. 51 & Duetsche Telekom 0. 71 (Average Industry Beta 0. 60). When measured against the Industry, Sprint’s stock has more volatility and is more susceptible market forces. Conversely, most high-tech Nasdaq-based stocks have a beta of greater than 1, offering the possibility of a higher rate of return, but also posing more risk.

Awareness of health and safety trainings Essay

Without the correct level of training you are not allowed to carry out certain tasks relating to Health and Safety. Here are a few examples: †¢Moving and handling †¢Administering medication †¢Emergency first aid †¢Giving injections †¢Peg feeding †¢Colostomy †¢Fighting fire If you are unsure about what you can and cannot do, you must discuss this with your supervisor / manager. Where and from whom additional support and information relating to Health and Safety can be accessed? †¢The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure workers are appropriately knowledgeable about Health and Safety and that they are properly trained in relevant areas. Your employer may have a health and safety representative who is responsible for health and safety issues at work. Ask your supervisor or manager about the Health and Safety policies and procedures in your work place. The main points of Health and Safety policies and procedures †¢To secure the health, safety and welfare of persons at work. †¢To protect other people from hazards arising from work. †¢To control the keeping and use of dangerous substances and materials, including explosives and highly flammable materials. †¢To control the emission of noxious substances from certain premises. †¢It shall be the duty of every employer to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety and welfare at work of all his employees. Examples of the subjects that should have Health and Safety policies and procedures: †¢Moving and handling of people and objects †¢Personal hygiene †¢Infection control †¢Personal safety and lone working †¢Fire safety †¢Food safety and hygiene †¢What to do in the event of an emergency †¢Risk assessments †¢Smoking at work †¢Display Screen Equipment (DSE) for people working with computers †¢Use of chemicals and waste disposal †¢Security measures and visitors

How to write a essay Essay

Getting into college could be as easy as memorizing the alphabet just like a preschooler. But, getting into college with a scholarship is a whole different thing. From the thousands of college applicants aiming for a scholarship, how will you make your essay application stand out? There are millions of essay examples over the internet but, you need to come up with an essay that will get you that scholarship. Tips on How to Write a Good Scholarship Essay: 1. Read instructions carefully College application can become a common thing for you. You might actually get the feeling of doing the same thing over and over like answering the same question for the nth number of times. No matter how similar college applications are, you have to read and understand the instructions well. If you want to land on a good school for college with a scholarship, everything starts with reading and comprehending the instructions. 2. Organize your thoughts After reading the instructions, it’s time to line up your thoughts to make an effective essay that will get you that scholarship. Look for essay samples on the internet or in books. Have a sort of survey from resources that will help you fill in the contents of your essay. It is difficult to start writing an essay, but with organized ideas, you can do it efficiently and effectively. 3. Make an outline When you get a general idea of the essay contents, you can now make an outline of specific details that will be included in your composition. Essay examples usually present general ideas down to the specific. Having an outline is very helpful to keep your essay consistent and focused on a particular topic. 4. Discuss every topic based on the instruction Paying attention to details or instructions is actually part of writing the essay for a scholarship application. Make sure that every topic asked in the essay questions is discussed in the whole composition. Remember that you only have one chance of writing an essay that will make a lasting impression on your college application. 5. Use simple language format and make sure your grammar is perfect Do not try to impress readers of your essay. Even if you are in college, you are not expected to use highfaluting words, but rather make your sentences simple and clear. No matter how technical your vocabulary is but poor grammar is an indication of a lousy essay. 6. Avoid bragging about your achievements Although it is important that you include your achievements as this will help your scholarship application, however you only need to do this if you are asked to do so. Avoid bragging, instead, talk about your achievements simply. It is also good to include the lessons you have learned in gaining such success. 7. Have someone edit and check your work To ensure that you are submitting an essay that will get you the scholarship, have an expert check your work. An editor or a previous professor can help you improve and validate how excellent or poor your essay is. Essay Writing First paragraph — Introduction The first paragraph is essential in capturing the attention of your readers. It is called an introduction as it gives an overview of what your essay is all about. The first paragraph should be similar to an â€Å"About Me† part of a reading material. Make it as simple as possible and dynamically connected to your next point. Second Paragraph – Important Details The second paragraph should support your introduction. This section includes more detail and usually the start of elaboration for every point or question. Say for example, state reasons why you should qualify for the scholarship; state your accomplishments; why are you choosing a particular course and the like. Third paragraph – Future Goals The third paragraph should speak of your future goals and your vision after pursuing a college degree. Goals have to be specific, and should reflect an action plan after your college graduation. Fourth paragraph – The Best Candidate End your essay by stating reasons why you are the best candidate to be chosen for the scholarship. State two to three main points from the previous paragraphs. Do not forget to note your appreciation for the readers of your essay for taking the time to read your essay. Composing your ideas and putting them in writing is never easy. It can be stressful and puts on a lot of pressure, especially when your future depends on this essay for a scholarship grant. There are many essay examples you can find on the web today.

What is the relationship between the median household income and Article

What is the relationship between the median household income and student scores - Article Example Also, the number of dropouts and ones with college degrees is also less. On the other hand, Hartford which has the lowest median household income ($38,711) has 46 percent of children in poverty the percentage of adults with college degrees is only 7 percent and many lack even a diploma from school. The data also states that the majority of the students from the Gull Lake are placed among the region’s top test scores while the students from Hartford struggle. This data implies that the better the median household income better will the academic performance of the students. Another important indicator of how a better median household income will lead to better scores is the effect of income on the SAT scores. Data from numerous attempts suggest that the students with a better family income get better scores. The reason behind this is that the students with better median household income get better access to various resources like books, tutorials, etc which helps them to get better scores when compared to those with low median household income who have limited access to such resources (Elert,

Active lifestyles - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Active lifestyles - - Essay Example WHO describe sedentary lifestyles as a major underlying cause of death, disease, and disability? Approximately two million deaths every year are attributable to physical inactivity. Preliminary findings from a WHO study on risk factors suggest that sedentary lifestyle is one of the ten leading causes of death and disability in the world. Physical inactivity increases all causes’ mortality, doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and obesity. It also increases the risks of colon and breast cancer, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, osteoporosis, depression and anxiety. Beginning to regularly exercise at any point throughout adulthood is likely to raise your longevity. Those individuals who had lived a sedentary lifestyle all through middle adulthood nevertheless benefited from getting in better shape even during their 70s or 80s. The earlier you make a commitment to exercise, the more you are probable to extend your life span. The earlier you start to habitually exercise, the greater the long-term advantages. Participation in invigorating activities, at least moderate in intensity, is important for maintaining your health. The types of recreational pursuits reported most commonly by the active college graduates included swimming, racquet sports, running, cycling, hiking, skiing, rowing, and yard work. Being slim does not lessen the need for regular exercise. It is certainly better to be overweight but otherwise fit than it is to be thin but inactive. Though, it is relatively rare to remain obese and not to finally develop added health problems suc h as high blood pressure or diabetes. Despite the strong evidence that physical inactivity or a sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, hypertension, and other chronic diseases, only 25% of U. K. adults in the late 1990s exercised at levels suggested to improve health, and only 10% exercised at levels intended

What would you consider to be the most important socio-technical Essay

What would you consider to be the most important socio-technical issues that should be considered in an analysis of CourseNet - Essay Example (Ropohl, 1999) Computer Based Learning - Internet has revolutionized how we do day to day things, including learning. E-Learning or Web based learning is beneficial for individuals as well as organizations as it has many advantages. It not only provides flexibility & ease of access, but also the performances are improved & are better compared to students studying in traditional schools. A thorough investigation of the CourseNet   case requires grasp of most of these items.Setting sight on the entire system helps to avoid the trap of finding a singl point of blame.If an application is not working as desired , has bugs, fails too often it is easy to afix blame on the software programmer. However, this may not be a far-sighted approach. In an organization that does not have documented policies or procedures, it is easy to shift blame. For a project to be successful it is essential that roles & responsiblites clearly defined.Sufficient attention is given to various management aspects for e.g. Cost Management, Risk Management, Scope Management , Time Management etc. Project Management is an approach of planning, organizing & managing resources to achieve flourishing goals & objectives of specific project. All these aspects define the rate of success of a project. Effective project management pricnicpals & use of IT best practises such as defined by ITIL, SOX etc. are always helpful for project to proceed in an organized, phased manner. In the event of missing procedures or insufficient attention towards one of the procedures it is difficult to be reasonable & determine the breakdown in the work flow. Those belonging to the bottom of the food chain are often held responsible for making mistakes though a decision maker would have commited strategic or a tactical error . In the absence of necessary data points required for evaluation & lack of performance parameters can lead employees as well as

Phyllida Barlow's dock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phyllida Barlow's dock - Essay Example The ceilings hold the sculptures, laid on the ground, sprawl over the marble floor, with which she permanently disrupts the natural flow of visitors through the space. Barlow is a talented artist who has caught the attention of most exhibitions. Barlow was born in 1944 in Newcastle, England, though she spent most of tender age in London. In London, she went to Chelsea Collage of Art and later became a Professor Emerita at the Slade School of Fine Art. Barlow had a great influence on Young British Artists (YBAs). She mentored many internationally famous students, namely, Martin Creed, Angela de la Cruz, and Douglas Gordon to the Turner Prize winner Rachel Whiteread. Barlow came into the international limelight because of her shows at the Migros Museum and Vienna’s BAWAG Foundation from 2010. The commission of Dock, 2014for Duveen Galleries is a significant establishment in Barlow’s career as a sculpture artist. As for a sculptor, it is one of the most visible platforms in the country essentially a long and cavernous hall with vaulted ceilings from which various galleries radiate. Dock, 2014 is reportedly inspired by the view of a shipping container on the River Thames located nearly Tate Britain. Gothic, slapstick, over-reaching, trammeling, dock presents the world as a theatre set, a gigantic childs play of sculptural ambition, an anti-monumental act of deconstruction, and a huge bricolage. The seven sculptures collectively collapse, jostle and stretch out over the 100-yard in length, 16-yard tall in Duveen Court. The first most eye-catching object is the intricate Dock: 5hungblocks, 2013. The five chunky rectangular forms almost look like trapped in the disorderly arranged wooden fence, suspended by red straps intruded by several tubes. The weightless sense of suspending an object with the illusion of water flowing in the air intrigues Barlow. In an interview,