Health care ethics Essay -- essays research papers

The basic rights of human beings, such as c one timern for personal dignity, be always of great importance. During illness, however, these rights are extremely vital and must be protected. Therefore, healthcare providers should make an effort to assure that these rights are preserved for their uncomplainings. Likewise, health care providers have the right to conceive reasonable and responsible behavior on the part of our patients, their relatives, and friends. This is where the patients bill of rights comes into play. The Patients Bill of Rights was first adopted by the American hospital Association (AHA) in 1973 and revised in October 1992. Patient rights were developed with the expectation that it would contribute to more effective patient care. It aids the patients and their families to understand their rights and responsibilities (Edge et al, 1998). In theory, once one understood the right, one should be able to reason out the correlative obligations. Below are two obligatio ns to each of the items found in the patients bill of rights.Respect and Dignity.1. Respect the dignity of the patient by being considerate and caring2. Do not discriminate based on sex, hunt or religion, etc.Identity 1. Hospital staff should wear name badges to identify themselves. 2. Staff members should introduce themselves to you and describe their roles before care is given.Participation in Treatment Decisions1. Provide the patients with their conductment option2. Allow the patient to participate in the treatment options availableAdvanced Directive1. Advice patients of their rights to make informed medical choices, ask if the patient has an advance directive.2. Honor the wishes of the patient as stated in his/her directive as permitted by law and hospital policy.Privacy1. Do not disclose information abo... ...and regulatory standards. Their broad range of patient care, education, public health, social service, and business functions is essential to the health and well being of their communities. These roles and functions look at that health care organizations conduct themselves in an ethical manner that emphasizes a basic community service orientation and justifies the public trust. The health care governing bodys mission and values should be embodied in all its programs, services, and activities (Ethical Conduct for Health Care Institutions, 1992).So although the patient can sue for malpractice, it will be based on laws related to the ethical principles, but not the Ethical Principles themselves. For example, if a patient feels that they were treated differently because of race, they would file a discrimination suit, which is legitimately sanctioned under other legal legislature. It seems quite complicated, but it is important to recognize the difference between ethics and the law. Ethical complaints (i.e., the nurse did not treat me with respect) goes before a hospital disciplinary panel, but not before the legal courts.

Essay --

The impact of Social Media on academic lifeIn this report we will be discussing a whole telescope of topics on how social media has had a massive impact on academic skills. The reason why we choose this as a group is because we all make out how big social media and besides social networking sites has had a massive impact on us and also a lot of people not good youngster but adult as well so this research/project really fits in our age democrat and our day to day lifestyle. We stock split the research and presentation change surfacely so between the three of us know one had too much to do or too puny to do. As a trio I believe we worked well as a team even though we only knew each others couple weeks prior the group research was given out. No matter what people do everybody socialise with different people whether if its on the phone, computer, work, school, colleges and even universities. What we really want to know is why it has a massive affect on peoples academic life, seei ng as people for the most part use social media networking sites to communicate with family members and friends. The issues that will be discussing in this report will beWhat is social media History on how social media expanded several(prenominal) different types of social mediaAdvantages of social media on academic lifeDisadvantages of social media on academic life Our view on social media on a whole and conclusion What is social media?Social media is interacting with people using the internet. Having varies of social channels, websites that allows you to blog communicate, upload pictures and videos are all different types of social media. This allows you to share teaching with one another. Social media is increased throughout the years, every other month and new social media ... ...attending our meetings or lessons we will let the teacher know and also deal with the matter ourselves. This risk assessment shows what we have planned for any risk that may accrue while doing our pr oject. We also showed what and how we would handle them as a team. Few of the risks above did occur to us which is what we put it in our risk assessment.References Dave Kerpen (June 7th 2011). Likeable Social Media How to Delight Your Customers, Create an Irresistible Brand, and Be principally Amazing on Facebook (and Other Social Networks). New York McGraw-Hill Companies. 25-30.http//webtrends.about.com/od/web20/a/social-media.htm (website)http//www.icrossing.co.uk/fileadmin/uploads/eBooks/What_is_Social_Media_iCrossing_ebook.pdf (book/webiste)http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/parents/cyber_bullying/ (website)Spot light news by John Puecell (newspaper article)

Ethical Dilemma Essays -- Health Care, Nurses

The two principles that are in focus are almsgiving and nonmaleficence. two beneficence and nonmaleficence have played a fundamental historical role in medical ethics (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009). Nonmaleficence is often paired with beneficence, but there is a difference between these two principles (Rich, 2008). According to Beauchamp and Childress (2009) conflating beneficence and nonmaleficence into a single principle obscures important distinctions. In addition, both of these ethical principles beneficence and nonmaleficence are alter by state nursing practice acts, which mandate that nurses are legally obligated to safeguard patients and the profession (Bjarnason & LaSala, 2011). Furthermore, it is with great purpose that we discuss the two principles beneficence and nonmalficence and their importance to the nursing profession.The principle of beneficence is concerned with a moral obligation to act for the benefits of others (Kennedy, 2004). Additionally, beneficence i s the principle consisting of deeds such as mercy, kindness, and jack ladder (Rich, 2008). There are other forms of beneficence including altruism, love, and humanity (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009). We use beneficence in evidence to cover beneficent works more broadly, so that it includes all forms of action to benefit other persons (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009). Overall, beneficence implies that an individual takes action to do good by benefiting others and facilitating their well-being. Beneficence also requires that benefits are balanced against risks and costs (Kennedy, 2004). In order for a person to do good, they must also consider the values of individual in question (Bjarnason & LaSala, 2011). Health care professionals have a duty t... ...ey encounter an ethical dilemma (Rich, 2008).Nurses can also periodically be called to an ethics committee to consult to gain access to needed avail to resolve ethical dilemmas. Serving on an ethics committee with other discipline s and discussing the ethical dilemmas brought before the committee can be an informing and challenging subprogram for a nurse (Lachman, 2010). Furthermore, the opportunity to help patients, staff, and families resolve these dilemmas is professionally rewarding for a nurse (Lachman, 2010).Overall, ethical dilemmas are faced every day in the clinical practice of nurses. When facing an ethical dilemma, remembering to preserve the patients autonomy, dignity and rights is an important part of ethically solving the dilemma. However, if the ethical dilemma cannot be single-minded nurses have the right to seek advice from other professionals.

Daniel Quinn’s Ishmael - Paradigms of Yesterday Essay -- Quinn Ishmae

Ishmael Paradigms of Yesterday Come with me if you want to live, was all that Arnold Schwarzenegger said in his movie Terminator 2 Judgement Day, and after reading Daniel Quinns masterpiece Ishmael, matchless might well receive the impression Quinn echoes such sentiments. Few books read as much relevancy in this technological, ever-changing world as Ishmael.In the beginning, according to Ishmael, God created Man to live peacefully on Earth, sustained by the fruitful bounties of Earth and subject to Gods control. That is, until Man ate of the Tree of Good and Evil in the Garden Of Eden, and conveniently forgot all the rules God had so graciously placed in front of him. From that point on, the Caucasian race, full of vanity and pride for having seen so clearly what was good on the Earth and what was not, dogged to subjugate the Earth to its go out. During this turn of events, totalitarian agriculture was born. And God just shook his head.Fortunately, there are creatures on the Ea rth still willing to indoctrinate Man approximately his roots, and at the same time save Man from his selfdestructive impulses. Enter Ishmael, a gorilla with a conscience. Yes, a gorilla. Caged and controlled by man, Ishmael create a self-awareness of his situation and of mans. Realizing that his destiny is intertwined with mans, he decides to save man from himself. Placing an ad in the papers, Ishmael finds a willing if disillusioned student, and presents a course of educational activity guaranteed to save the world. Makes one wonder if the sign in Ishmaels office reads true, With gorilla gone, will man survive?The pupil finds that all he has learned about history is a lie, created by power hungry men two thousand years ago intent on ruling the w... ...If one does, one ends up fragmenting the entire food chain. Ecologically speaking, the Taker way of life was doomed from the beginning.However, the reader experiences a sense of pleasure as Quinn points out that many of the ori ginal societies have a great deal of wisdom they can teach the world on how to live in a self-sustaining society. Of course, new ideas will mean that the paradigms of yesterday will have to be discarded. However, if innovative solutions to todays ecological problems can be found, and the wisdom of ages is preserved, man has a shot at not committing cultural suicide. In trying to control all other life on the planet man has overstepped his bounds. In the end, man must realize that he is interconnected to all other life on Earth. Just consider, for a moment, the reverse side of Ishmaels office sign. With man gone, will gorilla survive?

Views of Slavery and Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreaus Work

Views of Slavery and Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreaus WorksTwo men, similar in their obscureist beliefs and yet so different in their methods of expressing their beliefs on handling the issues of society, were major voices in the anti-slavery movement. objet dart their focuses are more on the subjects of morality and individual choice, they still reflect on how slavery should be addressed by the American people, American referring to the free whites who actually make the decisions. Ralph Waldo Emerson is highly regarded for his views on Transcendentalism during what some of deemed the American Renaissance. Emerson establishes his place in history by expressing his liberal agenda through his beliefs that truth is based on intuition and law should be based on individual reflection. He believes that the plainly way one could truly find about life is by ignoring knowledge from outside sources and relying on ones internal voice he incorporates this belief into the con vincing rhetoric of at long last of the Anti-Slavery Lectures. While Emerson asserts his views on self reliance, he is really trying to sway the views of his audience. This makes us ask the question Is he really right, or is he only convincing us that he is right? Henry David Thoreau, however, serves as both a complement and a foil for Emerson while he also expresses his transcendental beliefs, he converges on a split between these beliefs and reason. He articulates his ideas in Slavery in Massachusetts, a piece that illustrates how Thoreau separates himself from his own state because of his contempt for her courts (1991). While some would argue that Thoreau is somewhat of a better writer than Emerson, it cannot be denied that one cannot reach... ...ety. He strengthens his views with his inclusion of images of constitution and his comparative analysis of the beauty of nature with the good of society. Both men support transcendental views that complement each others beliefs. While their paths to the solution differ, the resolution that slavery is an unscrupulous crop of an immoral society unites their views.Works CitedCadava, Eduardo. Nineteenth-Century literary works Criticism 98 (2001) 38-54.Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Last of the Anti-Slavery Lectures. Ed. Baym, Nina. The Norton Anthology American Literature 6th ed., Vol A. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. 1207-1216Eulau, Heinz. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism 21 (1989) 329-332.Hyman, Stanley Edgar. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism 7 (1984) 384-388.Thoreau, Henry David. Slavery in Massachusetts. Baym 1982-1992.

Views of Slavery and Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreaus Work

Views of Slavery and Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreaus WorksTwo men, similar in their transcendentalist beliefs and yet so contrary in their methods of expressing their beliefs on handling the issues of society, were major congressmans in the anti-slaveholding movement. bit their focuses are more on the subjects of morality and individual choice, they still reflect on how slavery should be addressed by the American people, American referring to the free whites who actually make the decisions. Ralph Waldo Emerson is highly regarded for his views on Transcendentalism during what some of deemed the American Renaissance. Emerson establishes his place in history by expressing his liberal agenda through his beliefs that truth is based on intuition and law should be based on individual reflection. He believes that the only way one could truly learn about life is by ignoring knowledge from outside sources and relying on ones internal voice he incorporates this belief into t he convincing rhetoric of Last of the Anti-Slavery Lectures. While Emerson asserts his views on self reliance, he is really trying to sway the views of his audience. This makes us ask the headspring Is he really right, or is he only convincing us that he is right? Henry David Thoreau, however, serves as both a complement and a foil for Emerson while he also expresses his transcendental beliefs, he converges on a split between these beliefs and reason. He articulates his ideas in Slavery in Massachusetts, a piece that illustrates how Thoreau separates himself from his own state because of his contempt for her courts (1991). While some would argue that Thoreau is somewhat of a better writer than Emerson, it cannot be denied that one cannot reach... ...ety. He strengthens his views with his inclusion body of images of nature and his comparative analysis of the beauty of nature with the good of society. Both men support transcendental views that complement each others beliefs. W hile their paths to the solution differ, the resolution that slavery is an unscrupulous product of an immoral society unites their views.Works CitedCadava, Eduardo. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism 98 (2001) 38-54.Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Last of the Anti-Slavery Lectures. Ed. Baym, Nina. The Norton Anthology American Literature sixth ed., Vol A. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. 1207-1216Eulau, Heinz. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism 21 (1989) 329-332.Hyman, Stanley Edgar. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism 7 (1984) 384-388.Thoreau, Henry David. Slavery in Massachusetts. Baym 1982-1992.

Divine Comedy and Dante

Dante Alighieris The inspired Comedy is a poem written in outset person that tells of Dantes altered-ego pilgrimage through the three realms of death, wickedness, Purgatory, and Paradise while trying to reach spiritual maturity and an understanding of Gods have sex while attaining salvation. Dante creates an imaginative correspondence between a souls sin on Earth and the punishment sensation receives in Hell. In the position of the transit of our life I came to myself in a bad wood where the straightway was woolly. (Canto I, pg. 11). Throughout The Divine Comedy, this is the only reference Dante, in my opinion, is referring to that dark place we all find ourselves in at some point in time in our own life. I, as Dantes Pilgrim, have arrange myself in this dark place or dark wood once I lost sight of the beaten path or where the straightway was lost that I was travelling (life). But, it was during this time that I was lost that I not only give myself, exclusively most impor tantly, I found my soul.I found the straightway path to my soul while in the dark wood. It is at this dark place or dark wood, that one begins not only to hunt for answers to ones sin but to seek answers to the questions of the heart and mind. It is here, of the straightway lost, where the heart and mind no longer struggle for right vs. wrong but to harvest peace. Peace within ones soul. The peace of ones soul is born once the heart and mind become one and with this peace one will continue to search for Gods salvation just as Dantes Pilgrim. The path to Paradise begins in Hell. (Dante The Divine Comedy. When Dante enters Hell on Good Friday, he reads the following posted above the gates of Hell as he is about to enter (Canto III, line 9) dispense with all hope ye who enter here. To leave Hell, Dante and his self-ego, must go through all nine circles of Hell, the deeper the circle, the more grave the sin and the sins punishment. The gravest punishment is that no one cares nor will help another while in Hell.Dante recognizes that those in Hell have chosen to be in Hell by their own choice but most importantly Dante learns to recognize and detest mans sinful nature and the power of evil, and the need to rubber against it. Hell has no hope. At times, it seems, more often than enough, that both the world and society are becoming increasingly hopeless. To misplace hope is to lose life. To lose life is to gain Hell.Living is caring and hoping for the well being of man for today and for days to follow. In the Divine Comedy, to leave Hell, one must go through nine circles of Hell. But, for us, are the nine circles of hell the nine hours in the day that we inject ourselves into society? At the end of every day, do we journey through nine circles of Hell? Do we abandon all hope as we enter the day? The path to Paradise begins in Hell. If this is to be true, then(prenominal) tomorrow may I awake in Paradise.

Charge of the Light Brigade Analysis Essay

Charge of the unhorse Brigade Mini-analysis The poem, Charge of the Light Brigade, has quite a complex create verbally scheme which can make the poem difficult to understand at first. I think that he may have designed it this way to inculcate a feeling of victory and valour at the end of the poem. I would argue that this, along with other literary techniques, shows that Tennyson was successful in glorifying the Charge of the Light Brigade in his poem. As I mentioned before, the rhyming scheme is an integral part of the poem.The rhyming varies for each stanza, which at first seems like a heavy(a) fault of the poem. The length of each stanza lengthens as the poem goes on, perhaps trying to simulate how the battle escalated. This pattern continues on until the last stanza where the number of lines is significantly reduced. This indicates the solving of the poem. For the first verse, Tennyson utilizes an ABA pattern for the first half. Half a league, half a league, half a league onw ard. A large part of the poem is the repeat.This repetition of certain phrases creates a rhythm not unlike the galloping of horses hooves on the ground. This creates a feeling of verisimilitude and provides an authentic experience for the reader. The repeated phrase, Cannon to the pay off of them/Cannon to the left of them/Cannon in front of them. suggests that they were surrounded by enemies on all sides. The sentence also suggests the large imbalance of numbers on the British side compared to the Russians. This emphasises the victory at the end of the poem.While Tennyson tried hard to glorify the Charge of the Light Brigade, he also attempted to persuade the large amount of casualties as well. Tennyson utilized metaphor and allusion to acknowledge the amount of death on the field without being overly graphic in his description. He used the phrase, Into the jaws of Death/Into the mouth of Hell repeatedly to further his point. In my opinion, Tennyson accurately portrayed and glor ified the Charge of the Light Brigade in his poem, apply a variety of literary techniques.

On the Necessity of Rationalism

In the process of considering the various means of justification, a relativistic initiation of reality assumes that the truth and hence the severeness of a statement may only be assessed in relation to the perspective of the discipline which holds a particular article of belief. In this sense, truth is dependent upon the indispensable coherence of beliefs within a system of thought. In his The inhabit Word, Nagel claims that such is non the case. He argues that the truth and hence the validity of statements are dependent upon an bungling notion of spring.He claims that the truth of a statement is independent upon all particular perspective. If such is the case, it follows that the truth of every statement is independent from the schema truth schema presented by any system of thought. In relation to scientific claims, it thereby follows that the truth of scientific claims ought to be assessed through the unqualified notion of reason as opposed to further their internal coher ence within the scientific conception of reality scientific framework.The same argument is based upon the critique of the intrinsic limits to subjectivist enquiry since challenges to the independent validity of reason must themselves assume the independent validity of reason. Any invoice of reason deriving from outside the mind can itself be explained only from inside the mind, as having its own independent validity. In the case of scientific knowledge, he argues that it is mistaken to assume that the scientific discipline has freed itself from the limits of the Cartesian problem through the replacement of judgments roughly rules of practice from target areaive judgments.Nagel argues that if science will continually adhere to a subjectivistic and hence relativistic framework, the discipline will fail to provide an objective neb of reality. He claims, the general aim of such reasoning scientific reasoning is to make sense of the world in which we find ourselves and how it appea rs to us and others (81). If such is the case, it is necessary to call back of the conception of the world which is not based upon an a priori conception of reality dependent upon a preconceived and limited conception of the word. According to Nagel, such an draw is not provided by science.The reasons for this lies in the subjectivism of science (Nagel 84). Subjectivism within science scientific methods is apparent if one considers that the scientific demand for order cannot itself be rationally justify nor does it correspond to a self-evident necessity (Nagel 84). He notes that scientific subjectivism can only end if it adheres to rational means of knowledge acquisition. It is only through the defense of rationalism that an objectivist account of evidence is possible.Nagel further argues that the appeal of subjectivism arises out of a certain reductionist impulse in modern explanation as this reductionist impulse enables the explanation of things to hinge on their reduction to lo cal and finite terms thereby ensuring subjectivist conclusions. Although this enables the assurance against rationalist explanations that refuse to make reason into some(prenominal)thing irrational or that conceive of reason as a capacity for grasping the universal and infinite principle, the reductionist explanation is in itself dependent on an irreducibly nonlocal and objective understanding of reason. Nagel argues that doubt about reason presupposes reasons independent validity hence reasons independent validity cannot be coherently doubted.He rightly argues that to object to reason on the grounds we cannot strictly explain it in naturalistic terms is to misunderstand the irreducible nature of the concept since reason cannot be so explained without losing its meaning or validity and that, as such, it is justified in a different way, by showing it to be necessary to intelligible thought and action. intuition thereby must opt for a rationalistic as opposed to a subjectivistic acc ount of reality for it to maintain its value as a discipline.Work CitedNagel, Thomas. The Last Word. New York Oxford University Press, 1997.Essay Number TwoEdmund Gettiers Counterargument Against thePlatonic Tripartite Account of Propositional KnowledgeThe Platonic tripartite definition of propositional and fallibilist knowledge found in the last section of the Theaetetus states that knowledge of P occurs when an epistemic agent S knows that P if and only if (1) P is true, (2) S believes that P, and (3) S is justified in believing that P (90). A well-known face-off to such an account of propositional knowledge questions the sufficiency of the aforementioned conditions.It is argued that although the aforementioned conditions are necessary in the definition of propositional knowledge such conditions are insufficient due to their failure to ensure S against conditions wherein knowledge of P occurs as a result of mere epistemic luck (Gettier 123). This critique is best known as the Ge ttier type counter examples towards the tripartite definition of propositional knowledge mentioned above.A logical problem is posited by the Gettier type counter examples. This logical problem is evident in the deprivation of successful coordination between the truth of P and the reasons that justify S in holding P. Floridi notes that Gettier type counter examples arise because the truth and the justification of P die to be not only independent that also opaquely unrelated that they happen to fail to converge or agree on the very(prenominal) propositional content Pwithout S realizing it (64). In order to understand this, it is important to lay down the main surmises of Gettiers counter argument that seeks to explicate the aforementioned logical problem.Gettiers argument against the tripartite account of propositional knowledge, which involves the conception of knowledge as justified true belief arose as a result of the pursuance claim knowledge propositional knowledge does not merely involve justified true belief. Such a claim is based upon the following assumptions. First, there are instances wherein the vindicate is not a sufficient condition for a belief in P. This is evident if one considers that instances of belief and knowledge of P are in some respects epistemically different other than in terms of truth from belief of P without knowledge of P. Second, there are instances wherein warrant is fallible.This is due to the insufficiency of truth and justification as warrants for knowledge. The evidence of such, according to Gettier is apparent if one considers that it is possible for P to be false even if S believes that P possesses epistemically significant properties such that whenever a belief possesses such properties and is true the belief may thereby qualify as knowledge. Lastly, there is the closure of knowledge under obvious and known entailments. The last assumption argues that if S is justified in believing P and a deductively valid inferenc e is drawn from P to another belief Q then S is justified in believing Q. This is a result of the entailment of Q from P.From what was stated above, it is possible to present the usual form of Gettiers attack against the tripartite account of knowledge. Gettiers counter argument is based upon the critique of warrant, fallibility, and closure. poster that combination of the three claims mentioned above leads to a contradiction. From what was mentioned above it follows that it is possible to believe in an obvious deductive consequence of P, which is Q, while in the process retaining the epistemically significant properties of the belief in P.If such is the case, it is possible to have a justified true belief of any property which has led S to have a belief in Q or any other type of belief which has Qs epistemic characteristics. Note that this contradicts the assumed necessity that P and Q differ from each other since one qualifies as knowledge S believes and has knowledge of P wherea s Q merely qualifies as a belief S believes but does not have knowledge of Q.Works CitedFloridi, L. On the Logical Unsolvability of the Gettier Problem. Synthese 142(2004) 61-79.Gettier, E. Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? Analysis 23(1963) 121-23.Plato. Theaetetus. Trans. M.J. Levett. Indiana Hackett Publishing Co., 1992.

Lord of the Flies †Character Analysis: Piggy Essay

Examine the significance of the character hoggish in the unused Lord of The travel consider his innovation, key role and relationship with the other boys at important points in the novel. To mimic mens actions and lost of civility in generation of war and need, William Golding, narrates a story in which all characters are boys, with the intention of taking the reader through the journey made by those who descend to savagery when facing certain conditions. This essay is going to explore and explain the symbolism behind unmatchable of the novels main characters and how his presence influences other characters actions and the elbow room things turn out. shoat is a Short and heavyset boy who wears spectacles and is disadvantaged by asthma. At first he appears to be a fearsome childish boy by panicking over the rest of the worlds lack of information regarding his and the boys whereabouts, while the others see this as an opportunity to be giving and independent which makes him seem like a dependable, desperate young boy. However, as the story unfolds we come to understand that his worrying at the beginning is connect to his uninflected way of thinking.And even though the other boys put him down due to his physical appearance, we come to learn how necessary he is on the island as a source of intelligence and insight. Due to his unfortunate looks and his nickname, the boys on the island refuse on sympathizing with neanderthal and collectively make fun of him, making him an outcast The boys were a rotary converter of sympathy with Piggy outside. Bullied and brutalized by Jack, he maturely shields away the mocking and focuses on increasing their chances of being rescued and meanwhile living in an organized environment.However, as soon as his intellectual side starts to show, and his critical thinking becomes a crucial part in assembling a raw(a) community, I expect well want to know all their names, said the fat boy, and make a list. We ought to have a meeting. he slowly begins being accepted. His quick ideas introduce important concepts to the rest of the boys. For example, the use of the conch the power to speak and be heard given to whoever held it in hands. The way he thinks endears him especially to Ralph who starts to admire him.Piggy rubbed his glasses slowly and thought. When he understood how far Ralph had gone towards accepting him he flushed pinkly with pride. - Thankful for being accepted, Piggy shows loyalty and respect for Ralph. At a certain point, Ralph questions his leadership skills and compares himself to Piggy who stands up for him You said Ralph was chief and you dont give him time to think. Then when he says something you rush dour. He protects Ralph and reminds the others that they all collectively chose him to be their leader.Once again, Piggy shows he hasnt lost his values and instincts. Although he might not entirely admit in with the others, he manages to get his point across with Ralphs help. His ideas frequently lead to innovation and his way of thinking is what gets them by the first stages of civilized survival. He re sits democracy by presenting his ideals to the others and hoping to come to a mutual agreement on the way of executing things and clings onto civility throughout the whole novel, by pointing out whenever one of the other boys take a step away from civilization.Underestimated by many at the beginning, Piggys role in the story carries a truly important meaning and stands for not bad(p) attributes found in men. The sensible understanding of reality shown by the character stands for the rational scientific side of civilization. His maturity differentiates him from the others With the martyred formula of a parent who has to keep up with the senseless ebullience of the children and becomes essential in avoiding savagery and barbaric behavior from the boys.His character is related to a great part of the symbolism used by Golding and has a very important role in preventing the descent from civilization to savagery, however, he sadly he witnesses the turnover. Piggys glasses represent many different ideas. The initial importance of the specs is that they represent the ability to make fire, which they hoped would provide the rescue they needed. Piggys glasses also signify Piggys ability to see literally and figuratively. Without them, he is helpless and blind.He is unable to serve as wellspring as Ralphs right-hand man and voice of logic. When Piggy is blinded it symbolizes the blindness of the Jacks tribe to the evil to which they are succumbing. Piggys murder completes the boys lost of sight (figuratively speaking) and forces them into total darkness, which leads to the hunting of Ralph. When his glasses are broken and he tragically dies, so does what is left of order and civilization in the island. Of all the forms of symbolism present in the book, Piggys character carries a relation to many of them.To being with, his nickname isnt onl y related to his physical structure, but it also suggests vulnerability, like the pigs on the island that rapidly become Jacks targets. Another important symbolic element related to Piggy is the conch he and Ralph found at the start of the novel. They used it to call the boys and assemble them. After the conch is crashed along with his body, the boys divide themselves representing the loss of the civilized instinct once present in each and every boy.Piggy is significant in the novel not only because he is one of the main characters, but also because his purpose is directly related to the main theme of the story civilization vs. savagery. Although he wasnt able to make the concept of civilization permanent, he spends the whole novel trying to get his values across, and reminding the others of who they were and how they were expected to behave. His intelligence gives him the voice of sanity and reason.

Research for Human Resource Management Activities Essay

With increasing globalization, most multi study corporations shadower not avoid cross- destination focus issues. Especially, cross- heathenish forgiving resource management (HRM) has becoming one of the searing operating strategies. And in this paper, we will mainly analyze the current situation of pitying resource management activities that include selection and go inment, reproduction and development, and performance management in the Chinese and Australian cultural background.We aimed to find out the differences of merciful resource management activities between Chinese and Australian human resource segment, and smack forward to helping a Sino-Australia joint endanger (JV) enterprise which is poor at cross-cultural human resource management. Culture forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behavior (Luthans & Jonathan, 2009).Due to national traits and region of refining, the interaction between different cultures is considered as cross-culture. And under the cro ss cultural background, international human resource management should carry out the activities of human resource management based on characteristics and differences of culture (Ramamoorthy et al. , 2005), which could increase the efficiency of human resource distribution and utilization.According to the Hofstedes theory, we have got five cultural dimensions which as occasion distance, individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity versus feminism, and long term orientation versus short term orientation (Hofstede, 1984). China and Australia have obvious differences in the cultural dimensions, which are showed as follows. Comparison of China and Australia on cultural dimensions cultural dimensions China Australia actor distance mettlesome gear low individualism low(collectivism) high uncertainty avoidance low high masculinity balanced above the average(masculinity) long-term high low(short-term) Source From Hofstede and Hofstede, Cultures and Organiza tions Software of the Mind.And then we will analyze the activities of human resource management as selection and recruitment, training and development and performance management under their respective cultural backgrounds. Firstly, in selection and recruitment human resource activities, there is a large difference between HRM of Chinese enterprises and Australian enterprises. In Australia, the labor pool is relatively mature and developed (Dobbie & MacMillan, 2012). Because of Australia is sibylline to value individualism, the HRM of Australian companies used to selecting and recruiting much people depend on trade mechanism. Labors change their job and joined choice making with the need of market and the HRM think the person is wanted by them can be got through the mobility of trained personnel and market competition.They do not think this kind of person is disloyal to a company in their mind. But China evinces socialist collectivism as the value of the times. And in the case o f collectivism, the HRM of Chinese enterprises tends to select and recruit the talents in the range of their favorable groups, they think the groups of graduates from famous colleges that should have the inherent abilities. So the degrees from domestic-famous such as Tsinghua and Peking University would be preferred by HRM. Furthermore, the HRM of Chinese enterprises attach spacious importance to Guanxi ( transactionhip) in the selection and recruitment of employee (Wang & Cindy, 2008).And by the impacts of Guanxi, the HRM of Chinese enterprises trend to create a job in order to gruntle a person, without considering persons ability. So these situations have been a contrast with fair competition rules of Australian HRM. On the other hand, Australia is a short-term lie country, the relationship between HR managers and staff is simple which is similar to a buyer-seller relation in short term. The manager of human resource department generally prefers candidates who have strong capa city to work and innovative consciousness. On the contrast, the long-term oriented Chinese HRM focuses on employee royalty, and try to reduce the rate of staff turnover. They contain employees to work steadily in long term, instead of frequent turnover behaviors in the workplace.Furthermore, because of the high power distance, in the standard of personnel selection in Chinese HRM, they mainly focus on personal background and seniority (Zhang, 2003). There is an obvious top-down hierarchy the higher position is decided a good deal by strong background and seniority. However, in the Australian HRM, the first is that personal ability to work and communicate. The job is offered to the person who is capable, and the manager of human resource department offered the qualified person an opportunity to move ahead quickly. Secondly, in the parts of training and development, there are also some differences between Australian and Chinese HRM because of the impact of different cultural dimensi ons.Under the influence of collectivism culture, what contents the Chinese enterprises use to train their employees generally have to meet the organizations development goals . Most employees accept their superiors arrangement of the job training ,which mainly provides them with the skills training aiming at the skills that their job needs (Xiao et. al, 2011). This kind of job training is however beneficial to employment needed skills. Furthermore, being influenced by the high power distance, in the training process, the employees who are being trained are under high pressure from their superiors and have to accept the arrangement of training. Because most of the trainings are passively accepted, obviously it doesnt work to take the ways of high participation training in China.Under the influence of individualism culture, the HRM of Australian enterprise lays stress on the career training and continuous education. The training was provided by HRM for their employees usually can hel p the employees to achieve their personal goals, but may be far away from the whole organization development vision, but beneficial to the employees personal succeeding(a) careers. And in such a low power distance country like Australia, the employees who are being trained appear more active in the training process. They are more willing to show themselves, and actively express their ideas meanwhile, they are good at communicating with the coach. Thirdly, in the part of performance management, there are also some differences between Australian and Chinese HRM.Being influenced by the high power distance, in Chinese enterprise, the performance management musical arrangement is usually built by the top manager, so the top manager decides the performance standards and evaluation criteria. There is a low involvement of employees. However, with the lower power distance, employee could participate in the performance system building, the employee and HR manger could come together to devel op a performance management system. Australian advocate individualism, and emphasize personal achievements and rights. But in a country emphasizing collectivism culture as China, the values of pursuing the harmonious atmosphere makes the interpersonal relations in the collective obviously more important than individual achievements.When it comes to the performance evaluation, Australian emphasize standardized and quantified performance evaluation system, hoping that they can objectively criterion individual contribution and value, while Chinese prefer the traditional way of evaluation which usually depends on experience because they dont want to drop off the harmonious unity of their collective (Rajendar Ma, 2005) . And on the other hand, in Australian enterprise, the compensation system depends on the staff function and ability with low power distance. In this system, it is not unusual that employee with special skills or talents could get more compensation and bonus than manage r in higher position.But in Chinese enterprise, the compensation system mainly focuses on job grade and employment level. There is a clear rank in the compensation system. In conclusion,its very easy to find that main differences in the activities of human resource management between Chinese and Australian enterprises from what has been mentioned above. So far, for a Sino-Australia joint venture enterprise, it is necessary to combine comprehensive considerations cultural background of China and Australia for carrying out the human resource management activities. Furthermore, the joint venture enterprise should place great emphasis on building of enterprise culture and foster cohesion and centripetal force enterprises.Usually successful enterprise has excellent enterprise culture which enables employees to establish common values and standard of behaviors (Deem, 2009), it built a great channel between the parent-country nationals and host-country nationals to communicate more smoothl y, that is helpful to minimize any culture clash. And in order to achieve optimal allocation of human resources under the context of international, Of course, there will be also many challenges and hardships along the way.

Intrusion and Prevention Essay

1.0Abstr puzzle outThe astray spread proliferation of Internet Technology has led to the incorporation of ready reckoner in each and every field of life. From education to Business, Information Technology has now become an indispensable element in our life. Computers have reached homes, offices, schools and even churches . The wide spread use of computers is accompanied by an exponential growth in e-crimes ,in which unscrupulous elements try to gain access to others computers to steal blue-chip information like credit card numbers , personal identification codes etc. Owing to this the development and deployment of sophisticated Intrusion give awayion arrangements that can chance and thwart such malicious attempts becomes highly important.2.0 Intrusion Detection organisations(IDS)In order to safeguard a computer from being intruded by malicious code, System/Ne twainrk Administrators deploy Intrusion Detection Systems .These systems are nothing but software system applications that monitor the inbound Internet packets for malicious or susceptible exertion and alert the Administrator whenever such an activity is detected. They often respond to such intrusions by either blocking the source computer from accessing the hosted computer or by restricting the actions of source computer on destination. There are many types of IDS software available in the trade and they differ in the way they detect the suspicious activity. Examples of IDS include Shadows, wench, Dragon, RealSecure and NetProwler.3.0 Snort IDSThere are many products available in the market for intrusion detection, out of these Snort gains a unique market proposition because of its free download availability and its at par performance in its field with any other commercial product. Snort is an dependent source IDS Software which was originally designed for UNIX platform, but now is available for Windows based systems likewise. It provides basic engagement monitoring purpose and also can also be configured for rule based IDS functionality.4.0 Functionalities of SnortSnort can be installed very easily on any Windows or UNIX based system with the help of its friendly graphical user friendly interface. It is a Network bases Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) that can be used in two modes, sniffer and logger mode. In basic sniffer mode it just reports what is happening on the system console, while in the logger mode, it can log the network traffic details in the log file directory. Both sniffer and logger modes are passive and just give system administrator an information about the network traffic without actually taking any action to prevent the intrusion. However it can be used in IDS mode to be able to act upon certain rules, pre-defined by system administrator to prevent intrusion.Snort is open sourced and comes with a well-developed API that can be used to add new functionalities to the IDS.The only pit-fall of Snort IDS is that, it does not have Customer support and a user has to rely on self-help books and internet forums for any troubleshooting and problems. However its download comes with a very fatten out documentation. Also some of the functionalities that are their in its UNIX version might be missing in its Windows version.5.0 EvaluationSnort is the most widely used IDS software with more than 225,000 registered users. It provides user with features like signature detection, protocol inspection and anomaly based detection. Its open source nature makes it the most favored IDS system by developers .They are constantly in pursuit to add new and sophisticated functionality to existing systems. There is lot of literature available about Snort collect to its wide reach and influence on user community.It can be used to detect all kind of intrusions ranging from buffer overflows, CGI attacks, SMB probes, OS fingerprinting attempts to larceny port scans. From its initially light weight edition that was used only to log the intrusion attempts to the current sophisticated and fully developed IDS edition, Snort has rightfully come a long way to provide user with an inexpensive, sophisticated and cutting edge technology that could secure their systems from malicious attacks from unscrupulous elements.

Product life cycle and its stages Essay

In todays world, where grocery is unpredictable, strategies play crucial role in defending a firms merchandise position. The main reason why companies mustiness continually develop new increases is because convergences have life cycle, (Bittel, 1980). Just as operation managers must be prep ared to develop new convergences, they must also be prepared to develop strategies for both new and exist harvestingions. First and foremost, before movement into the crossing life cycle strategies, lets define what a product life cycle is. According to Griffin and Ebert (2002), a product life cycle is a series of storys through which it passes during its profit -producing life. Depending on the products ability to attract and keep customers over succession, a product life cycle whitethorn be a matter of months, years, or even decades. Anyway, there are four phases that every product undergoes in a market place since it was produced and launched to its out-of market position. They a re the introductory, product, matureness and decline phases.Below follows the figure of a product life cycle and all phases detailed descriptions shall be described later.Also, considerations must be condition to how far the product is along the product life cycle. A new concept / product just entering the product life cycle whitethorn require intensive distribution to start with to launch it on to the market. As it operates more established, perhaps the after sales-service will play a more substantial role which run fors to a more selective distribution, with only those dealers that are able to offer the necessary standard of after sales-service being allowed to sell the product. In simpler words, in every phase of a product life cycle, a product should undergo different, suitable outline in order to stoppage competitive in the ever changing market.Below follows the product life cycle bes along with their definitions and beneficial strategiesIntroductory StageAccording to Stevenson (1999), the introduction stage begins when a productreaches the market place. When an item is first introduced, it may be treated with curiosity by the buyers. Demand is generally low as buyers are not up to now familiar with that item. This often leads to the drop of the products price. Therefore, along with time, production and design improvements, many new products became more reliable, less costly, and also the increase in awareness in buyers lads to the increase in demand. Also, according to Griffin and Ebert (2002), during this stage, marketers focus on making their tar encounter markets aware of the products and their benefits.Also, during this stage, the particular product is represented with mental institution (diffusion of innovative curve), product development (Ansoff Growth Matrix) and problem children (Boston Consulting Group). Among the common characteristics, according to Smith et al 1997 are new products low sales low market share Specific type of cust omers willing to buy new products.During this phase, as compared to the other phases, dough are negative or low because of low sales and high distribution and promotional expenses. Promotional expenditures are high as the company is eager to inform customers about the products availability and get them to try it. Since the market is not ready for new products at this stage, the firm focuses on selling such items to those who are the readiest to buy.A company that wishes to be a market leader for its product must choose to launch a dodge that is consistent with the intended product positioning. The company, when deciding on which strategy to apply for the products long-term, life and will have to continuously formulate new pricing, promotion and other marketing strategies.Growth StageIt is the second stage of product life cycle process. Only if the new product satisfies the markets demand and need, it will enter this stage. According to Heizer and Render (2001), in the growth phase , product design has begun to stabilize, and effective forecasting of capacity requirements is necessary. Adding capacity or enhancing existing capacity to accommodate the increase in product demand may be necessary. Also, customers who have tried the product earlier may remain loyal. In the face of such opportunity, new competitors will start entering the market and they will introduce new product features and hence, expanding the market, leaving the products price constant or fall slightly.Here, a company, in order to stay competitive in the market, should keep on promoting its product. In addition, profits start to increase. The firm has several strategies to stay in the rapid growing market as long as possible. Also, the firm improves the product quality, adds more distribution channels, changing the advertising theme from promoting the product to the market to reminding the market on the availability of the product as well as to increase awareness. The firm also lowers the pri ce in order to attract more buyers.During this stage, usually firms that have successfully passed their products introduction stage have high market share and are highly profitable. On the whole, as said by Smith et al 1997, this phase is represented by sales and profits growth more widespread usage development of the market high market share change magnitude tilt.Maturity StageThe third stage for a product to go. As stated by Pride et al, (1988), sales are still increasing at the beginning of the adulthood stage, but the rate of increase has slowed. Later in this stage, the sales curve peaks and begins to decline. Many products maturity stages lasted longer than the previous stages. Industry profits decline throughout this stage. During this stage, sales growth starts to slow down. Hence, the firm as well as its market competitors starts lowering down their prices, increases advertising and sales promotions. Also, the fierce market led weaker competitors to quit. Only those st rong enough will be able to precede the competition.A company should consider a different strategy when its product cines ti maturity, either by redesigning the market or its product. Modifying market is when the company tries to increase consumption if the current product. The currently matured product potentiometer also be redesigned its package or style. It is an effective way of strengthening a firms market share. Consumers may also be further to use the product more often or in new ways. Pricing strategies are flexible during this stage, such as markdowns pr price incentives. Marketers may offer incentives and services to declare offering such matured products, especially from competitors. Sales promotions and aggressive personal selling can e effective during this period, when competition may require large promotional expenditures.On the whole, just as adopted from Smith et al (1997), this phase is represented by market maturity and a slow-down in sales growth conversion of late majority of customers, and trying to increase market penetration and share.Decline StageThe final stage of the product life cycle. According to Lancaster and Jobber (1994), it is when sales begin to fall and already slim profit margins are depressed even further. Customers have begun to become bored with the product and are looking forward to newer, latest products. Dealers begin to de-stock the product in anticipation of reduced sales. Here, sales and profits sank lower, due to various(a) reasons such as advancement in technology, shifts in consumer tastes or intense competitions. Such factors have forced many companies to quit the market and for the other be companies, they may have to redesign their strategies to stay longer in the market by raising the price to cover cists, re price to maintain market share, or lower the price to reduce inventory.The firm can also cut down or tighten the products advertising and promotional budget so it will be easier for the company to l ower down the price. In addition, the company can also downsize its market and focuses on smaller divide as well as their trade channels. In other words, distribution of the declining product will be narrowed to te most profitable existing market. Also, the product will not be highly promoted, although advertising and promotions may be used to slow down the decline. Instead, the firm may even conclude to drop the product entirely at the end.Just like the above three phases, this stage is also represented by declining sales and profits rationalism in the marketplace through mergers, acquisitions and take-over some products will be milked for the profits often products may need to be harvested and in a few cases, product extensions can be developed.Detecting Maturity and DeclineThe need in strategy development is to detect changes in the trend ofindustry sales, to detect when the product life cycle will enter a new phase, (Asker, 1984). In other word, it is very essential for a fir m to view and decompose all market factors involved when its products growth phase of the product life cycle changes to a flat maturity phase and when the maturity phase changes into a decline phase. Below are some factors that supply as market indicators that serve as an aid for a firm in detecting its product maturity and decline Price pressures caused by overcapacity and the lack of product differentiation As the product matures. Buyers have become familiar with the colligate product and hence, they are unwilling to pay finest price for the product in order to obtain brand security Technology advancement and substitute products may lead to the decline of a product. A suitable example for this case is the black and white television sets which due to technological development have lead to the production of color televisions a definite unpredictable effect on sales of black and white television sets When the number of potential first time buyers for a particular product decreases , the market along with the company sales and profits happen to decline The market is fully penetrated and there are no sources of growth from existing and new users and Existing customers may start to be disinterested in the product and are probably looking forward to conquer brands.Actually a product life cycle is conceptually simple yet powerful. However, it is not easily applied. The stages described above are not easily forecasted or predicted or even easily determined. Furthermore, it is difficult to determine and analyze the product definition and finally, evenif the stages in the life cycle are determined, the strategy implications are not always obvious.Therefore, on the whole, I would like to conclude that a company should be aware of the life cycle stages of each product it is responsible for. The company should also predict on how long the product is expected to linger in that stage. Such thinking is very important for vista up strategies such as let say, if the produ ct is expected to remain the maturity stage for a long time a replacement product might be introduced later in the maturity stage. On the other hand, if the maturity stage is expected to be short, however, a new product should be introduced much earlier.

Intercultural Business – Drug Tests in India

Case Study Intercultural Business im Studiengang B. A. International behavior Thema Drug tests in India IContents IContentsII IIList of figuresIII IIIList of abbreviationsIV 1Essential clean-livingistic standards and norms1 2The practical prise of economic ethics concepts3 3The radar concept5 4Business activity in India8 5Comparison of the cultures9 6Preperation for the NGO meeting14 IV. BibliographyV declaration IIList of figures Figure 1Overview of the different handicraft ethics concepts3 Figure 2Points of the RADAR concept5 Figure 3Comparison of the differen cultural dimensions9 ?IVList of abbreviations BVVB AGBacteria and Virus Vaccine Biotechnology CRE Ltd. Clinical Researche Enterprise confine NGONon-Governmental Organisation WMA humans Medical Association PDI force play Distance IDVIndividualism vs. Collectivism MASMasculinity vs. Femininity UAIUncertainty Avoidance LTOLong-Term Orientation CfConfer ? 1Essential moral standards and norms humans atomic number 18 more(prenominal) moral than they think and far more immoral than they butt joint imag-ine. Sigmund Freud In ecumenical moral standards and norms atomic number 18 al way of lifes found on a culture. Every culture has got its own description of morality and ethics. devotion drop be defined as the standards that an individual or group has got slightly what is repair and wrong, or good and evil. The pharma industry itself includes some essential moral standards and norms on na-tional and international base. beginning it is necessary to prove moral standards and norms on a global level. The Declara-tion of capital of Finland developed by the World Medical Association (WMA) is a statement of ethical principles for health check seek involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human temporal and data. Furthermore this declaration gives essential moral standards and norms according to the pharmaceutical branch, e. g. In medical examination research involving hu man subjects, the well-being of the individual research subject must way out precedency over all former(a) interests. The second part is the national moral standards. In Germ each the ethical standards preserve to the principle The health is the advancedest property of a human being. These standards be set by statue from the Zentrale Ethikkommission. Furthermore German companies always find to obey the German law.The American ethical standards are supposeing the same in the Declaration of Professional Responsibility Medicines Social Contract with Humanity. from the American Medical Association, e. g. Respect human invigoration and the dignity of every individual The focused standards above exist besides in India. They are form by the Indian Council of medical research. wholly standards point out what the ultimate principle of medical researches is. All medical tests shall focus on health and care of every human being. Act as if the proverb of your action were to becom e through your volition a universal law of nature. Immanuel Kant by Serafini (1989) The definition of moral standards and norms above should be based on deontological ethics. It words that the background and the consequences or effects that an action takes is irrelevant only the action itself matters. Roughly speaking, deontologists hold that some choices can non be justified by their effects, no matter how chastely good their con-sequences are. Therefore some choices are morally forbidden. further in reference to the drug tests the moral standards are based on the teleological theo-ry.The teleology is characterized primarily by a focus on the consequences which any action might have. That means if an action (drug tests) might be incorrect, but the con-sequence (effective medicine) is correct and helpful, then it is morally correct. Today we are encouraged to act on the base of different ethical frameworks before we are able to make a clear decision closely the ethical corre ctness of our intended actions. The codes of conduct, which are the ethical guidelines are based on those frameworks. 2The practical value of economic ethics conceptsThe fol depressive disordering raillery deals with the four different economic ethics concepts and their practical value. They are be how to combine ethics and scratch in different ways and with their consequences. Figure 1 The different business ethics concepts Firstly in that respect is the functional business ethics concept. If a company act in agreement with certain roll in the hay overshadows and under detail ethical conditions it is allowed to gain the maximum clear. Ethic is a factor or rentability or a critical factor of conquest.That means The investment in ethics in monetary value of acceptance of current opportunity costs has its foundation in the strategic ingest to save long-run profit chances. This concept is not used by the BVVB AG, because they are not acting under specific ethical conditio ns. The second concept to focus is the corrective Business ethics concept which implements ethical standards into the nonchalant business. That means companies are acting in their nor-mal economic way but ethics standards always have the priority over profit gaining ac-tions.It is a voluntarily self-limitation of profit maximisation. For the BVVB AG only the profit gaining transition matters. The integrative Business ethic is the permanent process of critical reflexion of business activities. Every feasible profit and business success should consume the legitimisation of all stakeholders. The consequence is that the company might have to leave a profit chance. The action of the BVVB AG awards that they are not acting in reference to what the stakeholders defining as the best way. The last concept is the harmonic Business ethic concept.The priority is to gain the maximum profit and afterwardwards the company starts to give a part of the money for charitable aims. The moralit y of a business action does not matter anyway. Due to the descriptions of the different concepts it is clear that the BVVB AG should act based on the charitable business ethics concept. In the current situation it is the high schoolest priority to gain profit and to be successful (=gain the maximum profit). But after having success the BVVB AG should use a part of the gained money to serve non-economical claims.The practical value of the concept is the possibility to define an eth-ical business aim and the commitment to act in a moral and ethical way. 3RADAR concept The RADAR concept serves to take a decision with the comprehension of ethics. In consideration of ethics in the factoring process it could be more difficult to find an easy solution but it might be more worthy for both parties. In the following paragraph the steps 1 to 10 of the RADAR concept, as seen in the fol-lowing image, will be analysed and discussed. Figure 2 Structure and Points of the RADAR conceptRecognize St ep 1 Determine if there is an ethical component The component is the drug tests in India. The accomplishment of these tests is not un-morally it is important but the way the tests will be carried out is morally questiona-ble. The BVVB AG could hold the tests in Europe or the the States but due to finical prob-lems and the necessity of the reduction of costs the tests will be done in a financially weak area in an Indian hospital. Furthermore the BVVB AG does not know if the health of the patient will be always protected. Step 2Check the ethicalness of the ethical omponent against ethical standards For my own values the conditions under which the tests are carried out are not morally and direct against my ethical values. For the BVVB AG it depends on two points. On the one hand India is the cheapest choice for the realization of the test process and on the other hand the company is not acting illegal but the aim is to develop a unseasoned effective medicine against illnesses and to test the agent, subjects are needed. On the basis of the Global Business Standard leaf-book (GBSC) it is unattackablely unmorally.The codex considers the point Human Dignity, which requires the protection of hu-man health and the respect of sound human rights. Step 3Conclusion In consideration of the mentioned asp viperects above the implementation of the tests in India is not illegal but they follow out not the ethical and moral standards. Assess Step 4Who are the key stakeholders? The main stakeholders of the BVVB AG and the saucy vaccine are primary the internal stakeholders, especially the managers and employees. Because of the financial situation the members of the BVVB AG are dependent on the success of the tests.The external stakeholders are the subjects, without their help the tests cannot be carried out. Step5What ethical standards apply? The CRE Ltd. and the BVVB AG bear responsibility to inform the respondent about the possible side effects and the probability of their appearance. Furthermore the com-pany is creditworthy to take care about the state of the subjects health. In turn of these duties the subjects have the right to be hardened with fairness and dignity. Step 6 How is the proposed action likely to impact them from an e. g. economic and ethical view?The peremptory long- and short-term effects are that the habitants from India, especially the majority of peck from slums, have never had contact to medical treatments or a simple medical examination. For the people who are part of the tests it could lead to the healing of diseases. on the contrary there also exist some oppose effects in a short-term geological period the side ef-fects. The subjects could get negative side effects from the vaccine. But the laboratory has figured out medical therapies to heal the serious side effects either by a special treatment or through hospital stay.Step 7See if there is a specification and quantification of the positive and negative con-seque nces which could result from the intended action. The performing of the tests in India could result in bad or negative report card. Too much bad reputation could result in a damage of the companys image and could end up in the loss of clients and creditors. This would indicate that the BVVB AG takes a financial risk. Step 8What could be done to reduce the likelihood of or at least reduce the negative impact? Due to the necessity of the tests the company has to crack the reduction of negative reports.To avoid them the only way is to guarantee better circumstances of the tests and the security and eudaemonia of the subjects. Furthermore the company could assure that India receives some medicine for free to help infected people after a successful conclu-sion of the test series. Decide Step 9 Take a decision The BVVB AG in connection to the CRE Ltd. has to carry out the tests in India, be-cause of the financial situation. To some people it may bring on the impression of being bad but the real aim something positive one. The vaccine could help millions of people and also Indians.To reduce the negative aspects the tests have to be carried out under better conditions, considering a high care for the subjects health. Step 10 Correct for self-serving biases If I am asked if I want to call for about that in the newspaper I would say Yes because reaching better conditions and to ensure the responsible manners with the tests and the well-being of the persons is positive and could have an effect on the image and make other companies to think about their actions. ? 4Business activity in India This paragraph defines some essential facts about cultural conventions in India.To have success on business in India, in my horizon, the first priority is to be familiar with the cultural conventions because the opinion about business differs a spate between Indians and Europeans. The distinctions may lead to misapprehensions. To be accepted and to show respect it is necessary to take some basic modes of behaviour and funda-mental cultural differences. It could be helpful to learn some basic phrases of the Indian language for having a small-talk but it is not that important to speak perfectly because the Indians speak over 500 dialects e. . people from the north often talks to someone from the south in English. Furthermore it is good to know that Indians never say No because it is impolite to negate something. It is commonality to say I will try it. Generally it is important to keep in mind that a own(prenominal) and polite contact between people from every age is ensured. Indians set a high value on trustworthiness. The first contact could be a handshake but it is common to give a friendly nod. Shaking the head does not mean No it is a gesture of attentive listening.Also the way of dressing is important. Women may never show skin, like naked legs or shoulders. Men are allowed to presume shorter clothes if it is hot outside but it has to be suitable for business. Indians are very hospitable. It is common to get or to make an invitation for dinner. Due to the different persuasion there are some different rule for preparation and consump-tion. But it exists a general rule Peel it, boil it, or forget it. ? 5Comparison of the cultures The following paragraph deals with the different cultures of Germany, India and the States.The distinctions between the different nations and cultures will be discussed and ex-plained with the help and use of the cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede. prof Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most comprehensive studies of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture. Figure 3 The different cultural dimensions in comparison of their characteristics source geert-hofstede. com The 1st dimension The Power Distance (PDI) Power distance is defined as The degree to which the less provideful members of a so-ciety accept and expect that great power is distributed unequally. The undamental issue her e is how a society handles inequalities among people. People in societies exhibiting a liberal degree of power distance accept a hierarchical order in which everybody has a place and which needs no further justification. In societies with low power distance, people strive to equalize the distribution of power and drive justification for inequalities of power. The comparison of the cultures in the diagram shows that there is a high difference be-tween the USA, Germany and India. The low sucker of Germany (35) and the USA (40) in this dimension shows clearly the general proposition of liberty and justice for all.It is common that both managers and employees expect to be engaged and information is shared frequently. Also both cul-tures have in common that the communication style is direct, informal and participative. Furthermore in both cultures there is no exact hierarchical order established. But in India on the contrary there is a relatively high power distance (77). The hierar chical structure is hard in organizations as well as in society. Also the real power of managers and control is high and accepted. The communication style differs totally from the western and European style.Someone would never be criticized if there is a 3rd person in the room and the communication is overstep down. In contrast to Germany and the USA, where also an employee may criticize a manager, in India an employee would never give negative feedback to someone who is up the ladder 2nd dimension Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV) Individualism, the high side of this dimension, can be defined as A option for a loosely-knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of them-selves and their immediate families only. And collectivism, the low side of this dimension, can be defined as A representation of a electence for a tightly-knit framework in society in which individuals can expect their relatives or members of a particular in-group to look after th em in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. A societys position on this dimension is reflected in whether peoples self-image is de-fined in terms of I or we. As seen in the 5-D-Modell, all three countries and their cultures have different levels of this dimension. The USA, with a score of 91 is exceedingly individualistic.That means it is common that people in general first look and take care for themselves and their families. The Ameri-cans are mostly doing business with strangers and employees are expected to be self-consistent. Germany scored 67 truly individualistic. In comparison to the USA the bigger family means a lot to the Germans, especially the parent-children relationship. Loyalty, duty and responsibility are common. In business it is common to give someone an advice if there was a mistake to give him the chance to learn from it Be honest, even if it hurts.In contrast to Germany and the USA India is clear collectivistic with a score of 48. To Indians it means a lot wh at the social framework is thinking about an action and they are asking for advice. Also in business everything starts with a personal relationship, especially hiring and promotion. 3rd dimension Masculinity versus femininity (MAS) This dimension is defined as The masculinity side of this dimension represents a pref-erence in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material reward for suc-cess. guild at large is more competitive.Its opposite, femininity, stands for a prefer-ence for cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak and quality of life. Society at large is more consensus-oriented. The fundamental issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (masculine) or liking what you do (feminine). All three cultures are considered a masculine society (scores 56 66). Children learn from the early time on that performance is highly valued and the people live in order to work. It is also relevant to be authorial, assertive and decisive. Their behavior stands under the conditions strive to be the best they can be. and oecumenical know sentence the winner takes it all All cultures love to show their success through material objects. For Indians work is the center of life and the workplace serves as symbol of success. 4th dimension The Uncertainty evasion (UAI) The uncertainty avoidance dimension expresses The degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity. The fundamental issue here is how a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known should we try to control the future or just let it happen?Countries exhibiting beardown(prenominal) UAI maintain slopped codes of belief and behavior and are intolerant of unorthodox behavior and ideas. Weak UAI societies maintain a more relaxed attitude in which practice counts more than prin-ciples. Concerning the Uncertainty avoidance the cultures have differences. Americans accept new ideas and innovations. They are more tolerant of i deas or opinions from anyone and allow the freedom of expression. Indians also have a lower preference for avoiding un-certainty. They have a high acceptance of imperfection and do not follow strict rules.Indians say nothing is impossible, as long as one knows how to adjust. In comparison Germany scored high (65) and they follow deductive methods. For Germans it is important to have a plan. Every action has to be systematically and de-tailed planned. Germans prefer to compensate for their higher uncertainty by strongly relying on expertise. 5th dimension Long-term orientation course (LTO) The long-term orientation dimension can be interpreted as dealing with societys search for virtue. Societies with a short-term orientation generally have a strong concern with establishing the absolute Truth.They are normative in their thinking. They exhibit great respect for traditions, a relatively small passion to save for the future, and a focus on achieving quick results. In societies with a long-term orientation, people turn over that truth depends very much on situation, context and time. They show an ability to adapt traditions to changed conditions, a strong propensity to save and invest thriftiness, and perseverance in achieving results. America and Germany have a relatively low score in this dimension. That means they are more short-term oriented.In business people strive for quick results and a strong concern with establishing the truth. The Indians in contras have a long-term orientation, time and punctuality does not matter and they never follow the exact plan, if there is a plan existing. ? 6Preperation for the NGO meeting Morality is temporary, wisdom is permanent. Hunter S. Thompson For the meeting with the NGO? s in India it is necessary to know what they are criticiz-ing on the project. They are criticising that the BVVB AG is exploiting the Indian popu-lation due to the tests in India.The need of that meeting is to convince the members of the NGO ab out the necessity and benevolence of these tests. It is obvious that the BVVB AG in cooperation with the CRE Ltd. is doing the tests in India in order to eco-nomic and financial reasons. But due to the extensive economies it could also be beneficial for India, especially if the BVVB AG decides to act on the charitable business concept. The non-attendance of tick-bourne in India does not matter for testing the medicine. The danger to contract an infection is small and there is also existing medicine and plans how to heal the people in case of an infection.Furthermore it is of a high vastness to know everything about the negative media reports. To convince the NGO about the tests it would be helpful to adjust with the BVVB AG management if it could be possible to donate a certain contingent of the profit and also to donate a certain percentage of the vaccine to India to combat the leprosy virus. Furthermore it could be helpful to assure that the CRE Ltd. will care for good circum-sta nces. The subjects will get a good treatment and the welfare will be ensured.Due to the fact that Panjaa is a Non-Governmental-Organization it would be not effec-tive trying to bribe the organization with money. It would be more efficaciously to show them the good sides of the tests for the Indian nation. ? 1. Bibliography Literature FREUD, Sigmund (1930), Civilisations and its Discontents KANT, Immanuel, Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative, ed. Anthony Serafini, Ethics and Social Concern (1989) (New York paragon House Publishers) LIPPER RASMUSSEN, Kaspar (2005) Deontology, Responsibility and Equality SALZMANN, Todd A. 1995), Deontology and Teleology ULRICH, Peter (2008), Integrative Business Ethics Foundation of a down Market Econo-my ULRICH, Peter (1997), Integrative Wirtschaftsethik Grundlagen einer lebensdienlichen Okonomie Web research Homepage from the World Medical Association The Declaration of Helsinki. URL www. wma. net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/ (las t downloaded 09. 11. 12) Homepage from the Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle fur die Arzneimittelindustrie e. V. , Verhal-tenskodex, URL http//www. fs-arzneimittelindustrie. e/verhaltenskodex/ivd/ (last downloaded 14/11/2012) relation from the Arbeitskreis Medizinischer Ethik-Kommission, Stellungnahme zum Vor-schlag fur eine Verordnung des Europaischen Parlaments und des Rates uber klinische Pru-fungen mit Humanarzneimitteln und zur Aufhebung der Richtlinie 2001/20/EG URL http//www. ak-med-ethik-komm. de/documents/StellungnahmeEUVerordnungklinischePruefungen. pdf (last down-loaded14/11/2012) Hompage from the American Medical Association, Declaration of Professional Responsibil-ity, URL http//www. ama-assn. rg/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/declaration-professional-responsibility. page? (last downloaded 14/11/2012) Homepage from the Zentrale Ethikkommission bei der Bundesarztekammer, Prioritaten in der medizinischen Versorgung im System der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GK V) Mussen und konnen wir uns entscheiden? (2000), URL http//www. zentrale-ethikkommission. de/page. asp? his=0. 1. 24 (last downloaded 14/11/2012) Published paper by the Indian Council of Medical Research, Ethical Guidelines for biomedi-cal research on human participants, (2006), URL http//icmr. ic. in/ethical_guidelines. pdf (last downloaded 14/11/2012) Homepage from Handelsblatt, FRANK, Sergey Die indische Kultur besser verstehen, (2009) URL www. handelsblatt. com/unternehmen/management/strategie/weltspitze-die-indische-kultur-besser-verstehen/3304528. hypertext mark-up language (last downloaded 10. 11. 2012) Homepage from Geert Hofstede, URL geert-hofstede. com (last downloaded 12/11/2012) http//www. goodreads. com/quotes/178430-morality-is-temporary-wisdom-is-permanent (last downloaded 12/11/2012)

James Joyce’s The Dubliners Essay

In Araby, Eveline, and The on the spur of the moment, three piteous stories featured in James Joyces The Dubliners, the characters splutter with whether to live their lives with a structured workaday or to seek opportunities, change, and adventure. These short stories center around habitual spirit for citizens of Dublin, Ireland in the early 20th century, when a choice amid continuing the inherited tradition of routine and structure versus seeking any other form of life or adventure could be the most important decision in the peoples lives. With the terrible potato famine still in biography memory and with Ireland seeking a new culture and identity, many of its citizens clung to their routine as means of survival. The ordinary routine of the characters lives suppresses and dominates the characters, preventing any of the characters ideas and dreams of seeking adventure. In Araby, every aspect of the little sons routine and workaday life impedes him from his adventurous goal s of visiting the annual bazar and fulfilling his dream of a relationship with Mangans sister.Despite his infatuation with his fri depot Mangans sister, the son cannot work up the bravery to spark a conversation and is pleasantly surprised when she asks him if he is going to the annual bazaar, hosted in Dublin. She consequently says that she is unable to attend, and the male child offers to bring her an item from the bazaar. Every aspect of the boys routine and everyday life seems to be trying to impede the boy from his goals, from schools boring lessons to his uncle forgetting to arrive kinsfolk early enough to give him money for the train fair because he was out drinking. Despite the adversities of his everyday life attempting to ensnare him, the boy does make it to the bazaar, tho his hopes about the bazaar are not fulfilled. When the boy arrives at the bazaar, he realizes that the bazaar does not live up to his expectations. The untimely distractions that caused the boy t o be young to the bazaar cause the boy to show up subsequently most of the excitement and trade has already ended. He approaches one stall that is still open, but the owner of the stall seems to be preoccupied with a conversation with several men.The cleaning woman notices him, but the boy says how the tone of her voice was not encouraging she seemed to conduct spoken to him out of a sense of duty. The boy buys nothing, feeling unwanted by the woman watching over the goods. With no purchase for Mangans sister, the narrator stands angrily in the deserted bazaar as the lights go out, with his hopes crushed as his grandiose imagination of the bazaar is disillusioned. This realization deflates the boys hopes and dreams of an adventurous and exotic life, ending his wishful love affair with his friends sister, as sur plaque as ending his ambitions for a more adventurous life, and is analogous to Joyces The Dead. In The Dead, the banal and reflectively melancholy party is indicative o f the monotonous routine that the Dubliners live by however, Gabriel, the protagonist, struggles with the psychological battle with his methodical approach to life versus a more accepting and unconventional mindset, in which he wishes to enjoy a happier outlook on life.The motif of adventure versus routine is ever-present in this short story through Joyces meticulous and selective choice of words. During a very normal routine of dinner, the aliment is on rival ends of the table, divided by sentries of fruit, and watched afar by three squads of bottles. This militaristic diction transforms a seemingly harmless dinner table into an adventurous landing field filled with action and excitement. The battlefield is not the dinner table, but the story in itself. The war is not between sentries and squadrons of bottles, but between the routine of life versus the hunger for opportunity. After dinner, the guests begin to dance.The guests partake in memorized dance steps and drop-off into ha bit and routine, one after the other. These structured dance steps rob the dancers of their individuality and creativity as uniform seizes the dance floor. The dancers are either forced to abandon their creativity and join in on the synchronized march of the automatons or be excluded from the group. Later on in the story, Gabriel learns from his wife about a previous lover. Gabriel enters a pensive and reflective state, in which he muses on the mass snow blanket all of Ireland, which most likely covers the grave of Michael, his wifes ex-lover, as well as the carve of all rising Dubliners. The snow, the culmination of millions of individual and unique snowflakes melting together to form one entity of uniformity, became a metaphor for the all-encompassing routine of the characters in Dubliners, covering them in life and in death. Gabriels reflections towards the end of the novel give the short story its name of The Dead, which is what all of the routine and structure does the chara cters in The Dubliners.Despite all of the negative occurrences that the routine of the evening and of life bring upon Gabriel, he summons the resolution to change his bleak outlook on life, vowing to boast a more optimistic and open watch on the world. In Eveline, the protagonist Eveline is faced with a rare opportunity to terminate a charge from Ireland to Buenos Aires with her boyfriend, Frank, but the routines and memories of her life ensnare her and prevent her from making the choice to seek adventure and excitement. This decision is an important joint in Evelines life, to continue with a life of an abusive father or an uncertain future with her boyfriend. The story begins with Eveline reflecting upon her childhood and contemplating the difficult decision that lies before her. She first has an epiphany, realizing that she cannot stay where she is, stuck in the autonomous life of routine and then becomes sympathetic to her father, saying how he was not all that abusive to he r. Soon after this thought, Eveline hears an organ playing in the street, reminding Eveline of her mother.This recollection of her mother immediately compels Eveline to decide that she cannot live her life the way her mother did, being swallowed up and forgotten by the routines of cooking and cleaning, all but forgotten in a sad and monotonous life. Eveline decides to head to Buenos Aires with Frank. As they are about to board the ship, Eveline resorts back to her routine by praying. The familiar chanting of the prayers versus the desire to flee with Frank renders Eveline in a state of paralysis, plain of confidence after the destructive battle raging in her head between the two waging sides of her life, fiercely battling each other for superiority of Evelines subconcious. Eveline is left on the docks while Frank boards the ship. Because she does not move away from her routines, she is stuck forever with them. Her momentary epiphany regarding her mother and the monotonous routines of her life exit go in vain, and she will end up living the exact life that her mother did.The vicious cycle of repetitive and daily routine leaves the Dubliners helpless and lonely. Often, the routine forces the character into a state of unrequited love. In Araby, the routine leaves the boy in love with Mangans sister, neer to know whether she shared any of his feelings. In Eveline, Eveline is left in the abusive and vicious cycle of her life, while her love is sailing off to Buenos Aires. In The Dead, Michael is literally buried under the mass routine of the snow, while his lover lives on, loving someone else.These protagonists each face difficult situations, of which they are not sure how to solve. As a mechanism of coping, they seek repetition, comfort, and conformity that alone the routines of their middling lives can bring. Without ever taking chances, they are sure to never achieve more than an average life. The characters in The Dubliners never take a chance to succeed and triumph over mediocrity. In doing this, they never give themselves a chance to fail, but they also never give themselves a chance to succeed. These characters have an opportunity to try to lift themselves up from the routinely abusive cycle of their lives, but cannot free themselves from their shackles, just adding a few more degrees to the circle of false hopes and adventure that defines these misfortunate and disillusioned characters.Works CitedJoyce, James. Dubliners. retch Gutenberg. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. .

The Beach Boys And California Mythology

The music of the border Boys during their peak germinal period (1961-1967) is a key element in the calcium myth, which depicts the sound outs culture as a youthful, exuberant paradise made possible by richness, technology, and climate.It presents to the world in image of the state (particularly its southern coast) as an ideal focalize for the young to enjoy the climate, their freedom, and the benefits of an ladened society an image that belied many another(prenominal) of the regions social realities and presented an appealing but ultimately distorted picture.The music itself has little intrinsically atomic number 20n about it. The vocals owe a great deal to white doo-wop from the late 1950s (particularly the manifold group harmonies), while the music derives heavily from that of Chuck Berry (indeed, Surfin the States is merely a crying rewrite of Berrys Sweet Little Sixteen). However, their lightness and upbeat, propulsive sound conjugated nicely with Brian Wilson and Mik e Loves lyrics, which far-famed their own desireings and their idealized vision of California culture.During their number one six years of recording (before Brian Wilsons mental illness became discernable), the Beach Boys promoted southern California as a teenagers paradise. Critic Jim Miller writes that, at their peak, the group propagated their own variant on the American dream, painting a dazzling picture of shorees, parties and endless summers, a paradise of escape and created odes to affluent hedonism (DeCurtis 192).Numerous songs depicted life there as a near-constant revel, in which teenagers had easy access to cars and thus to parties or the beach, where surfers dominated and one could find numerous opportunities for romance. The image of the sun-tanned, affluent, young white surfer spread internationally shaped perceptions of California throughout the world. The picture they presented repeated the same message that California was a place where one could find pleasures unavailable elsewhere.Several of their songs, such as 409, Fun, Fun, Fun, and Little Deuce Coupe (and more whimsically, Little honest-to-god Lady from Pasadena) exalt the automobile as a key component of their lifestyle indeed, cars made the beach more accessible, accommodated dating and socializing, and liberated teenagers to a great degree. Furthermore, these cars had to be not simply serviceable, but likewise powerful and impressive owning a hot rod was a status symbol in Beach Boys songs, giving one the most prestige and the most appeal to the opposite sex, as made evident in I Get Around (which combines cars, fun, and prestige in no uncertain terms).Regarding the opposite sex, their tunes celebrated California women as an ideal, deplumeed by fast cars or surfing prowess and blessed with good looks and warm, liberated personalities one could never find elsewhere. California Girls in particular spread the image of the young California as blonde, frequently found at the beach , and responsive to affluent male surfers with fast cars and status among their peers. They overly helped make California synonymous with surfing, though one only one of the group (drummer Dennis Wilson) in reality did it.Surfin USA and Surfin Safari depicted it as a nearly-ideal outdoor activity, which let one enjoy the mild climate, attract members of the opposite sex, and live in a hedonistic and relaxed atmosphere seemingly devoid of troubles or pressures. The affluence of the California they depicted made cars available, and, by extension, dating and fun impossible to find elsewhere, and the Beach Boys unite these in their material. Miller writes that the groups pursuit of fun, whether on a surfboard or in a car, set them apart and assured them . . .of an audience, no matter how restrictive the specific motifs, although surfing, cars, and the California locale all became emblematic (DeCurtis 194). Though the Beach Boys material offered the promise of California as a practic al(prenominal) paradise of fast cars, status, and opportunities for romance, they neatly hid the broader realities of California life, creating the paradoxes that Rawls mentions. Most importantly, this vision did not apply to much of California, curiously its northern half, a diverse region of mountains, urbanized areas, agriculture, and a much colder coastline.Also, the groups members hailed from blue-collar backgrounds, and the Wilson brothers (only one of whom actually surfed) came from a violent, hardly idyllic home. Their songs glorified not only a lifestyle that the groups members loosely did not practice, but it also celebrated a happiness that the troubled Brian Wilson could only yearn for, as well as eternal youth an impossibility which seemed less relevant as the members aged.It also managed to present a distorted picture of the Los Angeles region by focusing on a minor ramify of young people. According to scholar Mike Davis, It was the mesmerizing vision of a white k ids car-and-surf-based Utopia (Davis 66) that was generally not relevant to poorer youth or people of color. Their picture of California also excludes the regions racial tensions indeed, the Watts riots of 1965 erupted during this period, expressing realities that never figured in the Beach Boys music.The Beach Boys early music summed up California life as rooted in affluence and dependent on fast, flashy cars, which made leisure time and attraction of the opposite sex possible. They presented an idealized and rather sanitized picture of a diverse, sometimes conflicted region. Indeed, class differences, racial tensions, and the more disturbing realities of the 1960s seem invisible, masked by the image of California as a place where one could have constant fun and revel in constant youth.Though they created a distorted, highly selective picture, the image remains potent to people outside the state and still colorise many peoples perceptions of southern California. REFERENCES Davis, Mike. City of Quartz. New York Vintage, 1992. DeCurtis, Anthony, James Henke, and Holly George-Warren, eds. The Rolling Stone Illustrated level of Rock & Roll. New York Random House, 1992. Maasik, Sonia and Jack Solomon, eds. California Dreams and Realities. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2004.

How to Pack a Suitcase

Process Analysis How to Pack a Suitcase Zakera Marsh Bryant & Stratton College ENG101 Research and Writing 1 Mr. Young March 7, 2013 Its that time of year again time to plan a trigger off, but where to? A mini vacation to the Bahamas for five days via Carnival Cruise will have to do. moreover thinking about the process of packing a handle is a headache. Packing a clench is non so hard, especi whollyy when you have the proper steps to complete this task. Packing a pocketbook requires unrivaled to be organized and prepared. First, it starts off to where you are going in this case to the warm and ravishing Bahamas.The trip is going to be for five days five days equals one large size suitcase. A suitcase is a portable case designed to hold a travelers clothing, in the flesh(predicate) articles, and any other recommendations. Packing accordingly to the weather is important. The things that are need in the suitcase included five different outfits of choice, three pair off of ho rnswoggle, a two pair of capris, a edge dress, five t-shirts, and maybe a dressy blouse. Also include undergarments, air socks, and a few pair of pajamas, mayhap a couple different workout clothes like basketball shorts or tights and couple tank tops.Lastly for the outfits includes the shoes, a pair of sneakers, a pair of nice dress shoes, a pair of slippers, and two pairs of flip flops. Also after everything is gathered, an extra outfit should be packed just in case along with undergarments. this instant it is time for the essentials. These include toothpaste, toothbrush, floss, lotion, deodorant, hair products, a brush, a comb, maybe piece, medication and vitamins if needed, a camera, coin, identification card, and a cede certificate or passport if needed.Other things include a bathe suit, a light sweater or jacket, and a towel and a washcloth, even though they propose them for you, but I prefer my own. Now that you have everything you need to pack in your suitcase, lets begin packing First start by opening up the suitcase with the zipper provided. filling up one pair of shoes and channelise it into any corner of the suitcase. At the same time, concentrate the remaining pair of shoes and make a straight line, putting them towards the opposite corner.Next comes the outfits, take all of the articles of clothing and lay them out flat. Start with the pants, which are the shorts and capris. First bring the lefts of the capris together, fold humble the middle seam at the hips with the back pockets together and the front facing out (3 modes to wheeling Clothes wikiHow, n. d. , p. xx-xx). Next bring the ends of the legs up, fold the capris so that the ends of the legs and top of the pants are even. Roll the capris, starting at the open end and smoothing as you go.Do this to the remanding capris and shorts. Afterward are all of the t-shirts. Make current they are flat and bring the ends of the sleeves together and fold the shirt in hold plenty the back. do each t-shirt on one, go in the arms onto the body of the folded shirt, keeping them together, and then roam down from the collar (3 Ways to Roll Clothes wikiHow, n. d. , p. xx-xx). While this is in mind take your dressed, blouse, and undergarments and do the same thing related to the t-shirts. Last but not least are the socks.Place one beneath another with the top one about two inches or five centimeters below the bottom one, roll from the early sock on the bottom, with the first roll coming right to the top of the second sock (3 Ways to Roll Clothes wikiHow, n. d. , p. xx-xx). This is how you are going to do each pair of your socks. Now that the articles of clothing are all rolled up, take them one by one, preferably starting with the shorts and place them in an open corner on top of each other working your way down as each stack gets higher. Do this with each article of clothing.Yes The clothing is packed unluckily we are not quite done yet. Next are the toiletrie s. Take the toothbrush, toothpaste, floss, lotion, and deodorant and place them one by one into a large gallon sized zipped lock baggy close it and place them on top of your clothes. indeed get another large sized gallon bag and place your hair products in it, which may include travel size moisturizer, shampoo, and conditioner and a comb and brush, and any makeup into the other zip lock baggy then close it up and place it next to the first baggy.The camera and medicine or vitamins will go into the middles of your suitcase on top of the clothes. The money, identification card, birth certificate, or passport can go at bottom of your wallet, purse, or carry-on bag. It is not necessary for these items to go inside of your suitcase because you do not want the hassle of unzipping that large suitcase and rummaging through it for some money and stuff. All of the other things, like a bathing suit can be rolled up like the t-shirt.The sunglasses will go inside of a sunglasses case and be p ut inside one sneaker which was placed in the corner of the suitcase. Finally, everything is packed, close the suitcase, then zip it up, without delay it is time for your trip. Packing a suitcase allows you to be more organized and prepared. It entitles you to prepare for a trip whether it is to the warm and beautiful Bahamas or during winter time in freezing, cold New York City.The process is not rocket science just gather all of your appropriate attire of the number of days planned, and duck soup an extra outfit just in case. Make sure you have your shoes and all your personal needs. All of these things will fit, just do not go overboard and bring unnecessary stuff. Then this will make you frustrated if it all cannot fit. Therefore, being prepared and organized before packing a suitcase is important. Reference 3 Ways to Roll Clothes wikiHow. (n. d. ). wikiHow How to do anything. RetrievedMarch7, 2013, from http//www. wikihow. com/Roll-Clothes